APACHE: Fragmentation and Spectrum-Aware Provisioning for Elastic Optical Networks with Service-Class Differentiation and Revenue Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5753/jisa.2026.7201Keywords:
Elastic Optical Networks, RSA, Fragmentation, Class of Service, Revenue Loss, Internet ServicesAbstract
Elastic Optical Networks (EONs) enable fine-grained spectrum allocation that adapts to heterogeneous Internet services. Yet, fragmentation and the lack of contiguous free slots remain persistent causes of connection blocking and SLA violations. This article extends our SBRC paper from 2024 by providing a comprehensive journal version of APACHE—an analytical provisioning algorithm that (i) distinguishes blocking due to fragmentation from blocking due to true scarcity, (ii) incorporates Class of Service (CoS) differentiation into the RSA, and (iii) evaluates the economic impact of blocking via revenue loss. We detail the algorithmic design, simulation methodology, and an expanded performance assessment on the USA and RNP topologies. Results show that APACHE reduces circuit blocking up to 80% (USA) and 56% (RNP) compared to CFCoSP and TSSCF baselines, while consistently minimizing revenue loss under mixed-demand traffic profiles. The findings highlight how fragmentation-awareness and service-class prioritization jointly improve the efficiency and business viability of EON provisioning for next-generation Internet services.
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