Brazilian Portuguese Version of Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI-Teq Br): Towards a Digital Well-Being Culture in Brazil

Caio Nunes; Ticianne Darin

doi:10.5753/jbcs.2024.4305

Authors

Caio Nunes Federal University of Ceará https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5997-3518
Ticianne Darin Federal University of Ceará https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3617-5462

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5753/jbcs.2024.4305

Keywords:

self-determination theory, intrinsic motivation, self-report instrument, translation, cross-cultural adaptation

Abstract

Self-determination theory (SDT), a foundational psychological framework, has emerged as a pivotal lens through which to understand the dynamics of human-computer interaction (HCI) and Games User Research (GUR). Central to SDT is the conceptualization of intrinsic motivation, characterized by voluntary behaviors arising fro personal interest. An established method for assessing intrinsic motivation across various contexts is the employment of the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI). This study presents a meticulous translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the 22-item version of IMI, known as the Task Evaluation Questionnaire, into Brazilian Portuguese (IMI Teq Br). The process adhered to the comprehensive methodology outlined by Beaton, encompassing Translation, Synthesis, Back-translation, Expert Committee review, and Pre-testing phases. Statistical analyses, including Student’s T-test for independent samples, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), were conducted to ensure the validity and reliability of the translated instrument. Our findings corroborate the robustness of the adapted questionnaire, affirming its suitability for use within the Brazilian Portuguese-speaking context. This paper meticulously delineates the adaptation process and resultant statistical outcomes, offering insights into the significance of IMI Teq Br for engagement and motivation research grounded in SDT principles. Additionally, we thorougly discuss the challenges inherent to this context in Brazil, providing valuable considerations for future endeavors.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Alankus, G. and Kelleher, C. (2012). Reducing compensatory motions in video games for stroke rehabilitation. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems, pages 2049-2058. DOI: 10.1145/2207676.2208354.

Aranha, R. V. and Nunes, F. L. (2022). Player experience with brazilian accent: development and validation of px-br, a summarized instrument in portuguese. In XVIII Brazilian Symposium on Information Systems, pages 1-8. DOI: 10.1145/3535511.3535527.

Ballou, N., Denisova, A., Ryan, R. M., Rigby, C. S., and Deterding, S. (2023). The basic needs in games scale (bangs): A new tool for investigating positive and negative video game experiences. PsyArXiv. September, 7. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2024.103289.

Beaton, D., Bombardier, C., Guillemin, F., and Ferraz, M. B. (2002). Recommendations for the cross-cultural adaptation of health status measures. New York: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 12:1-29. Available online [link].

Birk, M. V., Atkins, C., Bowey, J. T., and Mandryk, R. L. (2016). Fostering intrinsic motivation through avatar identification in digital games. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems, pages 2982-2995. DOI: 10.1145/2858036.2858062.

Blažica, B. and Lewis, J. R. (2015). A slovene translation of the system usability scale: The sus-si. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 31(2):112-117. DOI: 10.1080/10447318.2014.986634.

Carrera, C. C., Perez, J. L. S., and Cantero, J. d. l. T. (2018). Teaching with ar as a tool for relief visualization: Usability and motivation study. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 27(1):69-84. DOI: 10.1080/10382046.2017.1285135.

Cerasoli, C. P., Nicklin, J. M., and Ford, M. T. (2014). Intrinsic motivation and extrinsic incentives jointly predict performance: a 40-year meta-analysis. Psychological bulletin, 140(4):980. DOI: 10.1037/a0035661.

Charlton, J. P. and Danforth, I. D. (2010). Validating the distinction between computer addiction and engagement: Online game playing and personality. Behaviour & Information Technology, 29(6):601-613. DOI: 10.1080/01449290903401978.

Conti, M. A., Slater, B., and Latorre, M. d. R. D. d. O. (2009). Validação e reprodutibilidade da escala de evaluación de insatisfación corporal para adolescentes. Revista de Saúde Pública, 43(3):515-524. DOI: 10.1590/S0034-89102009000300016.

Darin, T., Carneiro, N., Miranda, D., and Coelho, B. (2023). Challenges in evaluating players’ interaction with digital games. In Grand Research Challenges in Games and Entertainment Computing in Brazil-GranDGamesBR 2020-2030: First Forum, GranDGamesBR 2020, Recife, Brazil, November 7-10, 2020, and Second Forum, GranDGamesBR 2021, Gramado, Brazil, October 18-21, 2021, Revised Selected Papers, pages 1-24. Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-27639-2_1.

Deci, E. L., Eghrari, H., Patrick, B. C., and Leone, D. R. (1994). Facilitating internalization: The self-determination theory perspective. Journal of personality, 62(1):119-142. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1994.tb00797.x.

Deci, E. L. and Ryan, R. M. (2008). Hedonia, eudaimonia, and well-being: An introduction. Journal of happiness studies, 9:1-11. DOI: 10.1007/s10902-006-9018-1.

Dodge, Y. (2008). The concise encyclopedia of statistics. Springer Science & Business Media.

Doherty, K. and Doherty, G. (2018). Engagement in hci: Conception, theory and measurement. 51(5). DOI: 10.1145/3234149.

Fonseca, A. M. and de Paula Brito, A. (2001). Propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa do intrinsic motivation inventory (imip) em contextos de actividade física e desportiva. Análise Psicológica, 19(1):59-76. DOI: 10.14417/ap.344.

Gable, S. L. and Haidt, J. (2005). What (and why) is positive psychology? Review of general psychology, 9(2):103-110. DOI: 10.1037/1089-2680.9.2.103.

Gerritsen, M., Nickerson, C., Van Hooft, A., Van Meurs, F., Korzilius, H., Nederstigt, U., Starren, M., and Crijns, R. (2010). English in product advertisements in non-english-speaking countries in western europe: Product image and comprehension of the text. Journal of Global Marketing, 23(4):349-365. DOI: 10.1080/08911762.2010.504523.

Grolnick, W. S. and Ryan, R. M. (1989). Parent styles associated with children's self-regulation and competence in school. Journal of educational psychology, 81(2):143. DOI: 10.1037/0022-0663.81.2.143.

Hassenzahl, M. (2010). Experience design: Technology for all the right reasons, volume 3. Morgan & Claypool Publishers. Book.

Hunt, S. M., Alonso, J., Bucquet, D., Niero, M., Wiklund, I., McKenna, S., et al. (1991). Cross-cultural adaptation of health measures. Health Policy, 19(1):33-44. DOI: 10.1016/0168-8510(91)90072-6.

Jacques, R. D. (1996). The nature of engagement and its role in hypermedia evaluation and design. Available online [link].

Kortum, P. T. and Bangor, A. (2013). Usability ratings for everyday products measured with the system usability scale. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 29(2):67-76. DOI: 10.1080/10447318.2012.681221.

Loevinger, J. (1957). Objective tests as instruments of psychological theory. Psychological reports, 3(3):635-694. DOI: 10.2466/pr0.1957.3.3.635.

Lourenço, D. F., Carmona, E. V., and de Moraes Lopes, M. H. B. (2022). Tradução e adaptação transcultural da system usability scale para o português do brasil. Aquichan, 22(2):4. Available online [link].

Markland, D. and Hardy, L. (1997). On the factorial and construct validity of the intrinsic motivation inventory: Conceptual and operational concerns. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 68(1):20-32. DOI: 10.1080/02701367.1997.10608863.

McAuley, E., Duncan, T., and Tammen, V. V. (1989). Psychometric properties of the intrinsic motivation inventory in a competitive sport setting: A confirmatory factor analysis. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 60(1):48-58. DOI: 10.1080/02701367.1989.10607413.

Miranda, D., Li, C., and Darin, T. (2021). Ues-br: Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the user engagement scale for brazilian portuguese. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 5(CHI PLAY):1-22. DOI: 10.1145/3474705.

Miranda, D. M. and Darin, T. d. G. R. (2022). Padroes radiantes: Uma proposta para a prática ética do game design que promova o bem-estar. In Anais Estendidos do XXI Simpósio Brasileiro de Fatores Humanos em Sistemas Computacionais, pages 219-227. SBC. DOI: 10.5753/ihc_estendido.2022.225630.

Monteiro, V., Mata, L., and Peixoto, F. (2015). Intrinsic motivation inventory: Psychometric properties in the context of first language and mathematics learning. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 28:434-443. DOI: 10.1590/1678-7153.201528302.

Munday, J., Pinto, S. R., and Blakesley, J. (2022). Introducing translation studies: Theories and applications. Routledge. DOI: 10.4324/9780429352461.

Nora, C. R. D., Zoboli, E., and Vieira, M. M. (2018). Validation by experts: importance in translation and adaptation of instruments. Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem, 38. DOI: 10.1590/1983-1447.2017.03.64851.

Nunes, C. and Darin, T. (2023). Cross-cultural adaptation of the intrinsic motivation inventory task evaluation questionnaire into brazilian portuguese. In Proceedings of the XXII Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pages 1-11. DOI: 10.1145/3638067.3638083.

O'Brien, H. L. and Toms, E. G. (2008). What is user engagement? a conceptual framework for defining user engagement with technology. Journal of the American society for Information Science and Technology, 59(6):938-955. DOI: 10.1002/asi.20801.

O'Brien, H. L. and Toms, E. G. (2010). The development and evaluation of a survey to measure user engagement. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 61(1):50-69. DOI: 10.1002/asi.21229.

Peters, D., Calvo, R. A., and Ryan, R. M. (2018). Designing for motivation, engagement and wellbeing in digital experience. Frontiers in psychology, 9:300159. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00797.

Plant, R. W. and Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and the effects of self-consciousness, self-awareness, and ego-involvement: An investigation of internally controlling styles. Journal of personality, 53(3):435-449. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1985.tb00375.x.

Reeve, J., Nix, G., and Hamm, D. (2003). Testing models of the experience of self-determination in intrinsic motivation and the conundrum of choice. Journal of educational psychology, 95(2):375. DOI: 10.1037/0022-0663.95.2.375.

Rigby, S. and Ryan, R. (2007). The player experience of need satisfaction (pens) model. Immersyve Inc, pages 1-22. Available online [link].

Roth, G., Assor, A., Niemiec, C. P., Ryan, R. M., and Deci, E. L. (2009). The emotional and academic consequences of parental conditional regard: comparing conditional positive regard, conditional negative regard, and autonomy support as parenting practices. Developmental psychology, 45(4):1119. DOI: 10.1037/a0015272.

Ryan, R. and Deci, E. (2006). Intrinsic motivation inventory (imi). self-determination theory, an approach to human motivation and personality. Available online [link].

Ryan, R. M. (1982). Control and information in the intrapersonal sphere: An extension of cognitive evaluation theory. Journal of personality and social psychology, 43(3):450. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.43.3.450.

Ryan, R. M., Connell, J. P., and Plant, R. W. (1990). Emotions in nondirected text learning. Learning and individual differences, 2(1):1-17. DOI: 10.1016/1041-6080(90)90014-8.

Ryan, R. M. and Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American psychologist, 55(1):68. DOI: 10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68.

Ryan, R. M. and Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. Guilford Publications. Book.

Ryan, R. M. and Deci, E. L. (2020). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from a self-determination theory perspective: Definitions, theory, practices, and future directions. Contemporary educational psychology, 61:101860. DOI: 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101860.

Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., et al. (2002). Overview of self-determination theory: An organismic dialectical perspective. Handbook of self-determination research, 2:3-33. Available online [link].

Ryan, R. M., Koestner, R., and Deci, E. L. (1991). Ego-involved persistence: When free-choice behavior is not intrinsically motivated. Motivation and emotion, 15(3):185-205. DOI: 10.1007/bf00995170.

Ryan, R. M., Mims, V., and Koestner, R. (1983). Relation of reward contingency and interpersonal context to intrinsic motivation: A review and test using cognitive evaluation theory. Journal of personality and Social Psychology, 45(4):736. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.45.4.736.

Sigman, A. (2017). Screen dependency disorders: a new challenge for child neurology. Journal of the International Child Neurology Association. DOI: 10.17724/jicna.2017.119.

Sirgy, M. J. (2002). The psychology of quality of life, volume 12. Springer. Book.

Stephanidis, C., Salvendy, G., Antona, M., Chen, J. Y., Dong, J., Duffy, V. G., Fang, X., Fidopiastis, C., Fragomeni, G., Fu, L. P., et al. (2019). Seven hci grand challenges. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 35(14):1229-1269. DOI: 10.1080/10447318.2019.1619259.

Stevens, M. W., Dorstyn, D., Delfabbro, P. H., and King, D. L. (2021). Global prevalence of gaming disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 55(6):553-568. DOI: 10.1177/0004867420962851.

Tsitskari, E. and Kouli, O. (2010). Intrinsic motivation, perception of sport competence, and life-satisfaction of children in a greek summer sport camp. World Leisure Journal, 52(4):279-289. DOI: 10.1080/04419057.2010.9674653.

Tyack, A. and Mekler, E. D. (2020). Self-determination theory in hci games research: current uses and open questions. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pages 1-22. DOI: 10.1145/3313831.3376723.

Vogt, W. P. and Johnson, B. (2011). Dictionary of statistics & methodology: A nontechnical guide for the social sciences. Sage. Book.

von Wangenheim, C. G., Petri, G., and Borgatto, A. F. (2018). Meega+ kids: A model for the evalua-tion of educational games for compu-ting education in secondary school. INCoD-Brazilian Institute for Digital Convergence. DOI: 10.22456/1679-1916.105938.

Yang, Q. and Gong, X. (2021). The engagement-addiction dilemma: an empirical evaluation of mobile user interface and mobile game affordance. Internet Research, 31(5):1745-1768. DOI: 10.1108/INTR-11-2020-0622.

Yunker, J. (2002). Beyond borders: Web globalization strategies. New Riders. Book.

Zyngier, D. (2008). (re)conceptualising student engagement: Doing education not doing time. Teaching and Teacher Education, 24(7):1765-1776. DOI: 10.1016/j.tate.2007.09.004.