Decoupling XR Business Logic from Game Engines: An Event-Driven Architecture for VR Safety Training

Abner Augusto Ramos Macedo Antunes de Souza; José de Paula Barros Neto; Creto Augusto Vidal; Joaquim Bento Cavalcante Neto

doi:10.5753/jbcs.2026.8239

Authors

Abner Augusto Ramos Macedo Antunes de Souza Universidade Federal do Ceará https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2231-1322
José de Paula Barros Neto Universidade Federal do Ceará https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5131-4593
Creto Augusto Vidal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0857-6333
Joaquim Bento Cavalcante Neto https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1143-6662

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5753/jbcs.2026.8239

Keywords:

Virtual Reality, Event-Driven Architecture, Occupational Safety Training, Software Architecture, Construction Safety, NR-18, NR-35, Unity, Engine Independence

Abstract

Virtual Reality (VR) safety training is usually evaluated as a learning intervention; the software architecture that delivers it is seldom the object of study. This paper takes that architecture as its design artefact: an event-driven organisation in which typed events and shared data contracts provide the primary coordination channel between layers, so that training rules, scoring, logging, and scenario data execute independently of the game engine. The design combines a typed EventBus, engine-independent C# domain cores, a JSON scenario model, and host-specific adapters, and was instantiated in Unity with the Meta XR SDK for a construction-safety case study covering the Brazilian norms NR-18 and NR-35. Evaluation relies on shared source compiled for three hosts that load one canonical scenario document: the Unity prototype, a Command Line Interface (CLI) harness, and a desktop authoring tool. The shared library, SafetyProto.Shared, passes 46 headless tests with 70.3% line coverage, and adding scenarios required no C# edits. Engine and SDK concerns can be separated from domain behaviour without giving up an executable immersive prototype.

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