Inter-MOON: Enhanced Middleware for Interoperability between Relational and Blockchain-based Databases
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5753/jidm.2024.4290Keywords:
Databases, Blockchain, Database Interoperability, Data Transformation, Middleware, SQLAbstract
Multi-model architectures enable the querying of data from different sources through a unified interface, providing interoperability among databases. However, support for blockchain-based databases is still scarce. Inter-MOON is a new approach that aims to promote the interoperability of blockchain-based and relational database systems through the virtualization of blockchain assets in a relational environment, allowing for the execution of all four basic SQL DML commands. Through experimentation, results indicate that Inter-MOON provides near total support for SQL SELECT query syntax and exhibits performance comparable to or better than similar tools. This work is an extension of the original work that introduces Inter-MOON.
Downloads
References
Babcock, B., Babu, S., Datar, M., Motwani, R., and Widom, J. (2002). Models and issues in data stream systems. In Proceedings of the Twenty-First ACM SIGMOD-SIGACT-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems, PODS ’02, page 1–16, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery. DOI: 10.1145/543613.543615.
Belchior, R., Vasconcelos, A., Guerreiro, S., and Correia, M. (2021). A survey on blockchain interoperability: Past, present, and future trends. Acm Computing Surveys (CSUR), 54(8):1–41.
Bigchain, D. and Gmb, H. (2018). Bigchaindb 2.0: The blockchain database. white paper.
Bondiombouy, C., Kolev, B., Levchenko, O., and Valduriez, P. (2016). Multistore big data integration with cloudmd-sql. Transactions on Large-Scale Data-and Knowledge-Centered Systems XXVIII: Special Issue on Database-and Expert-Systems Applications, pages 48–74.
Duggan, J., Elmore, A. J., Stonebraker, M., Balazinska, M., Howe, B., Kepner, J., Madden, S., Maier, D., Mattson, T., and Zdonik, S. (2015). The bigdawg polystore system. ACM Sigmod Record, 44(2):11–16.
Gadekallu, T. R., Huynh-The, T., Wang, W., Yenduri, G., Ranaweera, P., Pham, Q.-V., da Costa, D. B., and Liyanage, M. (2022). Blockchain for the metaverse: A review. arXiv preprint arXiv:2203.09738.
Gamage, H., Weerasinghe, H., and Dias, N. (2020). A survey on blockchain technology concepts, applications, and issues. SN Computer Science, 1:1–15.
Gervais, A., Karame, G. O., Wüst, K., Glykantzis, V., Ritzdorf, H., and Capkun, S. (2016). On the security and performance of proof of work blockchains. CCS ’16, page 3–16, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery. DOI: 10.1145/2976749.2978341.
Guo, H. and Yu, X. (2022). A survey on blockchain technology and its security. Blockchain: Research and Applications, 3(2):100067. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2022.100067.
Han, J., Seo, Y., Lee, S., Kim, S., and Son, Y. (2023). Design and implementation of enabling sql–query processing for ethereum-based blockchain systems. Electronics, 12(20):4317.
Hasselbring, W. (2000). Information system integration. Communications of the ACM, 43(6):32–38.
Holovaty, A. and Kaplan-Moss, J. (2009). The definitive guide to Django: Web development done right. Apress.
Javaid, M., Haleem, A., Pratap Singh, R., Khan, S., and Suman, R. (2021). Blockchain technology applications for industry 4.0: A literature-based review. Blockchain: Research and Applications, 2(4):100027. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2021.100027.
Krichen, M., Ammi, M., Mihoub, A., and Almutiq, M. (2022). Blockchain for modern applications: A survey. Sensors, 22(14). DOI: 10.3390/s22145274.
LeFevre, J., Sankaranarayanan, J., Hacigumus, H., Tatemura, J., Polyzotis, N., and Carey, M. J. (2014). Miso: Souping up big data query processing with a multistore system. In Proceedings of the 2014 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, SIGMOD ’14, page 1591–1602, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery. DOI: 10.1145/2588555.2588568.
Maciel, R. S., Valle, P. H., Santos, K. S., and Nakagawa, E. Y. (2023). Systems interoperability types: A tertiary study. arXiv preprint arXiv:2310.19999.
Marinho, S. C., Costa Filho, J. S., Moreira, L. O., and Machado, J. C. (2020). Using a hybrid approach to data management in relational database and blockchain: A case study on the e-health domain. In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture Companion (ICSA-C), pages 114–121. IEEE.
McConaghy, T., Marques, R., Müller, A., De Jonghe, D., McConaghy, T., McMullen, G., Henderson, R., Bellemare, S., and Granzotto, A. (2016). Bigchaindb: a scalable blockchain database. white paper, BigChainDB, pages 53–72.
McGinn, D., McIlwraith, D., and Guo, Y. (2018). Towards open data blockchain analytics: a bitcoin perspective. Royal Society open science, 5(8):180298.
Melton, J. (2016). Iso/iec 9075-1 information technology-database languages-sql-part 1: Framework (sql/framework). ISO/IEC, 2016(E):9075–1.
Meyer, J. V. and dos Santos Mello, R. (2022). An analysis of data modelling for blockchain. In Information Integration and Web Intelligence: 24th International Conference, iiWAS 2022, Virtual Event, November 28–30, 2022, Proceedings, pages 31–44. Springer.
Muzammal, M., Qu, Q., and Nasrulin, B. (2019). Renovating blockchain with distributed databases: An open source system. Future generation computer systems, 90:105–117.
Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Decentralized Business Review, page 21260.
Nathan, S., Govindarajan, C., Saraf, A., Sethi, M., and Jayachandran, P. (2019). Blockchain meets database: Design and implementation of a blockchain relational database. arXiv preprint arXiv:1903.01919.
Politou, E., Casino, F., Alepis, E., and Patsakis, C. (2019). Blockchain mutability: Challenges and proposed solutions. IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing, 9(4):1972–1986.
Sá, R. A., Moreira, L. O., and Machado, J. C. (2023). Improving interoperability between relational and blockchain-based database systems: A middleware approach. In Anais do XXXVIII Simpósio Brasileiro de Bancos de Dados, pages 115–127. SBC.
Schuhknecht, F. M., Sharma, A., Dittrich, J., and Agrawal, D. (2021). chainifydb: How to get rid of your blockchain and use your dbms instead. In CIDR.
Singhal, R., Zhang, N., Nardi, L., Shahbaz, M., and Olukotun, K. (2019). Polystore++: accelerated polystore system for heterogeneous workloads. In 2019 IEEE 39th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS), pages 1641–1651. IEEE.
Spagnuolo, M., Maggi, F., and Zanero, S. (2014). Bitiodine: Extracting intelligence from the bitcoin network. In Financial Cryptography and Data Security: 18th International Conference, FC 2014, Christ Church, Barbados, March 3-7, 2014, Revised Selected Papers 18, pages 457–468. Springer.
Stauffer, M. (2019). Laravel: Up & running: A framework for building modern PHP apps. O’Reilly Media.
Stonebraker, M. and Cetintemel, U. (2018). “One Size Fits All”: An Idea Whose Time Has Come and Gone, page 441–462. Association for Computing Machinery and Morgan & Claypool.
Tseng, L., Yao, X., Otoum, S., Aloqaily, M., and Jararweh, Y. (2020). Blockchain-based database in an iot environment: challenges, opportunities, and analysis. Cluster Computing, 23:2151–2165.
Vogt, M., Stiemer, A., and Schuldt, H. (2018). Polypheny-db: towards a distributed and self-adaptive polystore. In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data), pages 3364–3373. IEEE.
Yuan, Y. and Wang, F.-Y. (2018). Blockchain and cryptocurrencies: Model, techniques, and applications. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems, 48(9):1421–1428. DOI: 10.1109/TSMC.2018.2854904.
Yue, K.-B., Chandrasekar, K., and Gullapalli, H. (2019). Storing and querying blockchain using sql databases. Information Systems Education Journal, 17(4):24.
Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H.-N., Chen, X., and Wang, H. (2018). Blockchain challenges and opportunities: A survey. International Journal of Web and Grid Services, 14(4):352–375.
Zhou, Q., Huang, H., Zheng, Z., and Bian, J. (2020). Solutions to scalability of blockchain: A survey. Ieee Access, 8:16440–16455.
Zhu, Y., Zhang, Z., Jin, C., Zhou, A., Qin, G., and Yang, Y. (2020). Towards rich qery blockchain database. In Proceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Information & Knowledge Management, pages 3497–3500.
