Influence of Entrepreneurship Education on the Entrepreneurial Profile of Public Technical Education Students in the State of Espírito Santo

Authors

  • Iandra Gasparini Centro Estadual de Educação Téncnica Talmo Luiz Silva
  • Paulo Victor Gomes Novaes Fucape Fundação de Pesquisa e Ensino

Keywords:

Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Entrepreneurship Education; Entrepreneurial Profile.

Abstract

This study investigates the influence of entrepreneurship education on the formation of the entrepreneurial profile of technical education students. To this end, the General Enterprising Tendency Test (TEG2) (Caird, 2013) was administered to students from the State Technical Education Centers (CEETs) in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The TEG2 assesses five factors: Need for Autonomy, Need for Achievement, Creative Tendency, Calculated Risk, and Locus of Control. Data collection was conducted via Google Forms in February 2024, covering four institutions. Data analysis employed the Student’s t-test to compare mean differences between groups. No significant differences were observed between graduates and incoming students; however, when gender was considered, female respondents exhibited a higher Need for Achievement and a lower Calculated Risk among graduates. Among male students, Calculated Risk was higher among graduates. The findings indicate that entrepreneurship education in the CEETs did not produce the expected advances, suggesting the need for reflection on the role of these institutions and the efficiency of public resource management.

Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Entrepreneurship Education; Entrepreneurial Profile.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Acs, Z. J., Audretsch, D. B., Braunerhjelm, P., & Carlsson, B. (2004). The missing link: The knowledge filter and entrepreneurship in endogenous growth. Available at SSRN 667944.

Ahmad, N. & Seymour, R. G. (2008). Defining Entrepreneurial Activity: Definitions Supporting Frameworks for Data Collection. OECD Statistics Working Paper 2008/1, OECD Publishing. URL: https://ideas.repec.org/p/oec/stdaaa/2008-1-en.html

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organ. Behav. Hum. Decis. Process. 50, 179–211. doi: 10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T

Almeida, F. M., Lopes Valadares, J., & Santana Sediyama, G. A. (2017). A contribuição do empreendedorismo para o crescimento econômico dos estados brasileiros. Revista de Empreendedorismo e Gestão de Pequenas Empresas, 6(3).

Amaral, M., Toledo Hernandez, C. and Rodrigues Bastos, M.H. (2018), “The entrepreneurial profile of Brazilian business administration students”, International Journal of Innovation Science, Vol. 10 No. 2, pp. 160-177.

Audretsch, D. B., & Keilbach, M. (2007). The theory of knowledge spillover entrepreneurship. Journal of Management studies, 44(7), 1242-1254.

Baggio, AF e Baggio, DK (2015). Empreendedorismo: conceitos e definições. Revista de Empreendedorismo, Inovação e Tecnologia, 1 (1), 25–38.

Bağış, M., Altınay, L., Kryeziu, L., Kurutkan, M. N., & Karaca, V. (2023). Institutional and individual determinants of entrepreneurial intentions: evidence from developing and transition economies. Review of Managerial Science, 1-30.

Balan, S. M. (2014). Methods and means used in teaching entrepreneurship in high school can improve entrepreneurial skills. International Journal of Management, 5(7), 51-61.

Bannor, R. K., Ros-Tonen, M. A., Mensah, P. O., Derkyi, M., & Nassah, V. F. (2021). Entrepreneurial behaviour among non-timber forest product-growing farmers in Ghana: An analysis in support of a reforestation policy. Forest Policy and Economics, 122, 102331.

Batanero, F., José, M., Rebollo, R., and María, M. (2016). Competencias emprendedoras del alumnado de educación permanente de andalucía. Percepción del profesorado. Educación XX1 19, 253–275. doi: 10.5944/educxx1.1

Blumenthal, Y. (2010). Crowdfunding as a financing tool:exploring the extra something. Online], School ofBusiness and Economics, Maastricht University.

Botha, M., Gideon, N., & Jurie, V. (2007). Measuring the effectiveness of the women entrepreneurship program, as a training intervention, on potential, start-up and established women entrepreneurs in South Africa (Dissertação de doutorado, University of Pretoria).

Bruton, G. D., Ahlstrom, D., & Li, H. L. (2010). Institutional theory and entrepreneurship: where are we now and where do we need to move in the future? Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 34(3), 421-440.

Caird, S. Testing enterprising tendency in occupational groups. DUBS Occasional Paper, 9205, 1992. (Reprinted by permission of John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, from the original publication in the British Journal of Management, v. 2, n. 4, p. 177-186, 1991).

Caird, Sally (2013). General measure of Enterprising Tendency test. www.get2test.net.

Carland, J. W., Hoy, F., Boulton, W. R., & Carland, J. A. C. (1984). Differentiating entrepreneurs from small business owners: A conceptualization. Academy of management review, 9(2), 354-359.

Carvalho Rocha, E. L. (2014). Oportunidade ou necessidade? Um estudo do impacto do empreendedorismo no desenvolvimento econômico. Revista Gestão em Análise, 3(1/2), 31-46.

Cho, Y. H., & Lee, J. H. (2018). Entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial education and performance. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 12(2), 124-134.

Clark, D., Reboud, S., Toutain, O., Ballereau, V., & Mazzarol, T. (2021). Entrepreneurial education: An entrepreneurial ecosystem approach. Journal of Management & Organization, 27(4), 694-714. doi:10.1017/jmo.2020.26

Cohen, D., Hsu, D. K., & Shinnar, R. S. (2020). Identifying innovative opportunities in the entrepreneurship classroom: A new approach and empirical test. Small Business Economics, 1–25.

Conselho Nacional de Educação (CNE). (2020). Catálogo Nacional de Cursos Técnicos (CNCT): Resolução CNE/CEB nº 2. Recuperado de https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/resolucao-n-2-de-15-de- fevereiro-de-2023-294347656

Cooney, T. M. (2012). Entrepreneurship Skills for Growth-Orientated Businesses. Danish Business Authority, Copenhagen.

Croitoru, A. (2012). Schumpeter, JA, 1934 (2008), The theory of economic development: An inquiry into profits, capital, credit, interest and the business cycle. Journal of comparative research in anthropology and sociology, 3(02), 137-148.

Davis, M. H., Hall, J. A., & Mayer, P. S. (2016). Developing a new measure of entrepreneurial mindset: Reliability, validity, and implications for practitioners. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 68(1), 21.

de Mello, L. P., de Moraes, G. H. S. M., & Fischer, B. B. (2022). The impact of the institutional environment on entrepreneurial activity: an analysis of developing and developed countries. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy, 11(1), 1-22.

Demo, P. (1995). Metodologia científica em ciências sociais. entrepreneurial_framework_conditions.

Deng, W., & Wang, J. (2023). The effect of entrepreneurship education on the entrepreneurial intention of different college students: Gender, household registration, school type, and poverty status. PloS one, 18(7), e0288825.

Draycott, M., and Rae, D. (2011). Enterprise education in schools and the role of competency frameworks. Int. J. Entrepr. Behav. Res. 17, 127–145. doi: 10.1108/13552551111114905

Fatoki, O. (2014). An examination of the teaching methods for entrepreneurship at a South African university. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(23), 512.

Ferris, G. R., Treadway, D. C.,Kolodinsky, R., and Hochwarter, W. A. (2005). Development and validation of the political skill inventory. J. Manag. 31, 126–152. doi: 10.1177/0149206304271386

Fiorentin, R. A. J., Jahn, R., & Lemos, T. (2018). Do empreendedorismo ao desenvolvimento socioeconômico. Anais Seminário de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, 6(6).

Friedman, R. E. (1986). Entrepreneurial renewal in the industrial city. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 488(1), 35-46.

GEM (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor) (2023). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2023/2024 Global Report: 25 Years and Growing. London: GEM.

Gibb, A. (2005). Towards the entrepreneurial university: entrepreneurship education as a lever for change. NCGE Policy paper series, 15, 1-46.

Gibb, A., Haskins, G., and Robertson, I. (2012). “Leading the entrepreneurial University: meeting the entrepreneurial development needs of higher education institutions,” in Universities in Change. Innovation, Technology, and Knowledge Management, eds A. Altmann and B. Ebersberger (New York, NY:Springer) 9–45.

Hägg, G., & Gabrielsson, J. (2019). A systematic literature review of the evolution of pedagogy in entrepreneurial education research. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 26(5), 829-861.

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2009). Análise multivariada de dados. Bookman editora.

Henry, C., Hill, F., & Leitch C. (2005). Entrepreneurship education and training: can entrepreneurship be taught? Part I. Education and Training, 47 (2): 98-107

Hospers, G.J., 2005. Joseph schumpeter and his legacy in innovation studies. Knowl.Technol. Pol. 18, 20–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12130-005-1003-1.Kirzner, I.M., 1973. Entrepreneurship and Competitioned. Chicago University Press,Chicago, IL.

Imaginário, S. S. E. (2017). Criatividade e Empreendedorismo em estudantes: Influência da motivação e das práticas docentes.

Johnson, D. (2001). What is innovation and entrepreneurship? Lessons for larger organizations. Industrial and Commercial Training, 33(4), 135.

Jonathan, E. G. (2011). Mulheres empreendedoras: o desafio da escolha do empreendedorismo e o exercício do poder. Psicologia Clínica, 23, 65-85.

Jones, K. (2000). Psychodynamics, gender, and reactionary entrepreneurship in metropolitan Sao Paulo, Brazil. Women in Management Review, 15(4), 207-217.

KHenry, C., Hill, S., & Faoite, D. D. (2001). Encouraging innovative start-ups: in search of the technology -based entrepreneur. Dublin.

Kirzner, I. M. (1979). Perception, Opportunity and Profit: Studies. Theory of Entrepreneurship.

Kobia, M., & Sikalieh, D. (2010). Towards a search for the meaning of entrepreneurship. Journal of European industrial training, 34(2), 110-127.

Kuratko,D.F.(2005). The development of entrepreneurship education: development,trends and challenges. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice 29(5), 577-598

Kyro, P. (2008). A theoretical framework for teaching and learning entrepreneurship. International journal of business and globalisation, 2(1), 39-55.

Laguna-Sánchez, P., Abad, P., de la Fuente-Cabrero, C., & Calero, R. (2020). A university training programme for acquiring entrepreneurial and transversal employability skills, a students’ assessment. Sustainability, 12(3), 796.

Li, Y., Cao, K., & Jenatabadi, H. S. (2023). Effect of entrepreneurial education and creativity on entrepreneurial intention in college students: mediating entrepreneurial inspiration, mindset, and self-efficiency. Frontiers in psychology, 14, 1240910.Lima, E., Lopes, R. M., Nassif, V., & Silva, D. (2015). Opportunities to improve entrepreneurship education: Contributions considering Brazilian challenges. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(4), 1033-1051.

Lima, E., Nelson, R., & Nassif, V. M. J. (2016). Gênero, classe social e empreendedorismo: foco nas estudantes universitárias de um país emergente. Revista de Administração da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 9(4), 579-604.

Liñán, F., Rodríguez-Cohard, J. C., & Rueda-Cantuche, J. M. (2011). Factors affecting entrepreneurial intention levels: a role for education. International entrepreneurship and management Journal, 7, 195-218.

Liu, M., & Yu, X. (2021). Assessing awareness of college student startup entrepreneurs toward mass entrepreneurship and innovation from the perspective of educational psychology. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 690690.

Lopes Jr, G. S., & de Souza, E. C. L. (2005). Atitude empreendedora em proprietários-gerentes de pequenas empresas. Construção de um instrumento de medida. REAd-Revista Eletrônica de Administração, 11(6), 1-21.

Lv, Y., Chen, Y., Sha, Y., Wang, J., An, L., Chen, T., ... & Huang, L. (2021). How entrepreneurship education at universities influences entrepreneurial intention: Mediating effect based on entrepreneurial competence. Frontiers in Psychology,

Lv, Y., Chen, Y., Sha, Y., Wang, J., An, L., Chen, T., ... & Huang, L. (2021). How entrepreneurship education at universities influences entrepreneurial intention: Mediating effect based on entrepreneurial competence. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 655868.

Machado, M. A. (2020). Tendência empreendedora em uma multinacional do segmento de mobilidade urbana (Tese de mestrado profissional, Fundação Instituto de Administração, Faculdade FIA de Administração e Negócios, Programa de Mestrado Profissional em Gestão de Negócios).

Malebana, J. (2014). Entrepreneurial intentions of South African rural university students: A test of the theory of planned behaviour. Journal of Economics and behavioral studies, 6(2), 130-143.

Malywanga, J., Shi, Y. C., & Yang, X. P. (2020). Experiential Approaches: Effective Pedagogy “for” Entrepreneurship in Entrepreneurship Education. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 8, 311-323.

McStay, D. (2008). An investigation of undergraduate student (Doctoral dissertation, Bond University).

Mokaya, S. O., Namusonge, M., & Sikalieh, D. (2012). The Concept of Entrepreneurship; in pursuit of a Universally Acceptable Definition. International Journal of Arts and Commerce, 1(6), 128-135. URL: https://www.ijac.org.uk/images/frontImages/gallery/Vol._1_No._6_/13.pdf

Morris, M. H., Webb, J. W., Fu, J., & Singhal, S. (2013). A competency-based perspective on entrepreneurship education: Conceptual and empirical insights. Journal of Small Business Management, 51(3), 352–369.

Mota, M., do Carmo Sobreira, M., do Vale, M. S., & da Costa Nogueira, L. C. (2017). Relações de influência de indicadores macroeconômicos na propensão ao risco de empreender. REGE-Revista de Gestão, 24(2), 159-169.

Mwasalwiba, E.D (2010) Entrepreneurship education: a review of its objectives, teaching methods, and impact indicators", Education + Training, 52(1): 20 – 47

Nasrullah, S., Khan, M. S., & Khan, I. (2016). The Entrepreneurship Education and Academic Performance. Journal of Education and Practice, 7, 1-4.

Obaje, T. A. (2024). Leveraging Covert Curriculum in the Nurturing of Entrepreneurial Mindsets among Higher Education Students. African Journal of Inter/Multidisciplinary Studies, 6(1), 1-12.

Oganisjana, K., & Matlay, H. (2012). Entrepreneurship as a dynamic system: A holistic approach to the development of entrepreneurship education. Industry and Higher Education, 26(3), 207–216.

Olakitan, O. O., & Ayobami, A. P. (2011). An investigation of personality on entrepreneurial success. Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences, 2(2), 95-103.

Oliveira Lima, E., Nelson, R., & Nassif, V. M. J. (2016). Gênero, classe social e empreendedorismo: foco nas estudantes universitárias de um país emergente. Revista de Administração da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 9(4), 579-604.

Oliveira Mota, M., do Carmo Sobreira, M., do Vale, M. S., & da Costa Nogueira, L. C. (2017). Relações de influência de indicadores macroeconômicos na propensão ao risco de empreender. REGE-Revista de Gestão, 24(2), 159-169.

Peschl, H., Deng, C., & Larson, N. (2021). Entrepreneurial thinking: A signature pedagogy for an uncertain 21st century. The International Journal of Management Education, 19(1), 100427.

Pita, S. e Pétergas, S. (2002). Pesquisa quantitativa e qualitativa. Cadernos de Atenção Básica , 9, 76-78.

Poschke, M. (2013). Entrepreneurs out of necessity: A snapshot. Applied Economics Letters, 20(7), 658-663.

Rahmawati, A. (2018, May). Muslim Women Entrepreneurship: Gendered Subjectivities In Transnational Islamic Consumption. In Proceeding Annual International Conference on Islam and Civilization (Vol. 1, No. 1).

Richardson, Roberto Jarry. Pesquisa social: métodos e técnicas. São Paulo: Atlas, 1989.

Rocha, E. L. (2014). Oportunidade ou necessidade? Um estudo do impacto do empreendedorismo no desenvolvimento econômico. Revista Gestão em Análise, 3(1/2), 31-46.

Rodrigues, A. (1972). Psicologia social (2ª ed.). Vozes.

Schmidt, S., Bohnenberger, M.C., Panizzon, M., Silvana Regina Ampessan, M.,Toivonen, E., Lampinen, M., 2018. Students entrepreneurial behaviour: an eightconstructscale validation. Int. J. Enterpren. 22 (2), 1–20. https://www.abacademies.org/articles/students-entrepreneurial-behaviour-an-eightconstruct-scale-validation-7254.html.

Schumpeter, J. A. (1942). Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. Harper and brothers.

Schumpeter, J. A. (1947). The creative response in economic history. Journal of Economic History, 7(2), 149-159.

Secretaria de Educação do Estado Espírito Santo - SEDU/ES (2024, fevereiro, X). Sistema Estadual de Gestão Escolar (SEGES). SEGES https://segespais.caedufjf.net/seges/login.faces

Sethuram, S., Taussig, M., & Gaur, A. (2021). A multiple agency view of venture capital investment duration: the roles of institutions, foreignness, and alliances. Global Strategy Journal, 11(4), 578-619.

Shepherd, D. A., & Douglas, E. J. (1997, June). Is management education developing, or killing, the entrepreneurial spirit. In Proceedings of the 1997 USASBE Annual National Conference Entrepreneurship: The Engine of Global Economic Development, San Francisco, California.

Shepherd, D. A., Wennberg, K., Suddaby, R., & Wiklund, J. (2019). What are we explaining? A review and agenda on initiating, engaging, performing, and contextualizing entrepreneurship. Journal of Management, 45(1), 159-196.

Shirokova, G., Osiyevskyy, O., Bogatyreva, K., Edelman, LF e Manolova, TS (2022). Passando das intenções às ações no empreendedorismo jovem: uma perspectiva institucional. Jornal de Pesquisa de Empreendedorismo, 12 (1), 25-69.

Shulman, L. S. (2005). Signature pedagogies in the professions. Daedalus, 134(3), 52-59.

Sikalieh, D., Mokaya, S. O., & Namusonge, M. (2012). The concept of entrepreneurship; in pursuit of a universally acceptable definition.

Silva, D. M. D. (2022). Educação para o empreendedorismo-Junior Achievement Portugal (Doctoral disserttion, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão).

Sirelkhatim, F. e Gangi, Y. (2015). Educação para o empreendedorismo: uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre conteúdos curriculares e métodos de ensino. Negócios e gestão convincentes, 2 (1), 1052034.

Sousa, M.M., de Almeida, D.A.R., Mansur-Alves, M. et al. Characteristics and Effects Trends in of Entrepreneurship Education Programs: a Systematic Review. Psychol. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43076-022-00197-0

Souza, E. C. L., & de Souza Depieri, C. C. L. (2007). Cultura e atitude empreendedora: um estudo em empresas no distrito federal. Revista de Administração FACES Journal, 6(3), 90-100.

Souza, E. D. (2001). A disseminação da cultura empreendedora e a mudança na relação universidade-empresa. Empreendedorismo: competência essencial para pequenas e médias empresas. Brasília: ANPROTEC, 28-41.

Stumpf, S. S., Dunbar, R. L., & Mullen, T. P. (1991). Developing entrepreneurial skills through the use of behavioral simulations. Journal of Management Development, 10(5), 32–45.

Tessema Gerba, D. (2012). Impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intentions of business and engineering students in Ethiopia. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 3(2), 258-277.

Thai, M., & Turkina, E. (2014). Macro-level determinants of formal entrepreneurship versus informal entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 29(4), 490–510. doi:10.1016/j. jbusvent.2013.07.005.

Thapa, A. (2015). Determinants of microenterprise performance in Nepal. Small Business Economics, 45, 581-594

Thompson, J. L. (1999). The World of the EntrepreneurJournal of Workplace Learning, 11(6), 209.

Thurik, A. Roy, et al. "The impact of entrepreneurship research on other academic fields." Small Business Economics (2023): 1-25.

Torres, C. V., & Nebra, A. R. P. (2005). Acessando as manifestações horizontais e verticais do individualismo e do coletivismo no Brasil. Brasília: Universidade de Brasília (no prelo).

Urbano, D., & Alvarez, C. (2014). Institutional dimensions and entrepreneurial activity: An international study. Small Business Economics, 42(4), 703-716.

Urbano, D., Aparicio, S., & Audretsch, D. (2018). Twenty-five years of research on institutions, entrepreneurship, and economic growth: What has been learned ? Small Business Economics, 1-29. doi: 10.1007/s11187-018-0038-0

Venkataraman, S. (2012). “The distinctive domain of entrepreneurship research” inIntellectual roots of entrepreneurship research. eds. H. Landstrom and F. T. Lohrke(Cheltenham, United Kingdom and Northampton, Mass: Elgar), 228–247.

Wennekers, S., & Thurik, R. (1999). Linking entrepreneurship and economic growth. Small business economics, 13(1), 27-56.

Woraphiphat, I., & Roopsuwankun, P. (2023). The impact of online design thinking-based learning on entrepreneurial intention: the case of vocational college. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 12(1), 10.

Xu, J., Fu, Y., & Zhang, X. (2023). Does entrepreneurship education in China develop entrepreneurial intention? the role of self-efficacy and experience. PloS one, 18(7), e0286090.

Yang, Q., Chen, J., Yang, L., and Liu, Z. (2021). How to develop entrepreneurial talent more effectively? A comparison of different entrepreneurship educational methods. Front. Psychol. 2:644113. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021. 644113.

Higgins, D., Smith, K., & Mirza, M. (2013). Entrepreneurial education: Reflexive approaches to entrepreneurial learning in practice. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 22(2), 135-160.

Goss, D. (2005). Entrepreneurship and ‘the social’: Towards a deference-emotion theory. Human relations, 58(5), 617-636.

Gibb, A.A. (2002), "Creating conducive environments for learning and entrepreneurship", Industry and Higher Education, Vol. 16 No.3, pp.135-47

Santos, M. C. S., Delatorre, L. R., Ceccato, M. D. G. B., & Bonolo, P. D. F. (2019). Programa Bolsa Família e indicadores educacionais em crianças, adolescentes e escolas no Brasil: revisão sistemática. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 24(6), 2233-2247.

Published

2026-09-23