A meta-scientific broad panorama of ethical aspects in the Brazilian IHC

Luiz Paulo Carvalho; José Antonio Suzano; Flávia Maria Santoro; Jonice Oliveira

doi:10.5753/jis.2022.2579

Authors

Luiz Paulo Carvalho Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1732-5517
José Antonio Suzano Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0328-4438
Flávia Maria Santoro Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3421-1984
Jonice Oliveira Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2495-1463

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5753/jis.2022.2579

Keywords:

Ethics, Computational Ethics, HCI, GranDIHC-BR, Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

Ethics is a field of study that analyses practices, their principles, customs, and habits. The Grand Research Challenges in Human-Computer Interaction in Brazil (GranDIHC-BR) between 2012 and 2022 highlighted the relevance of the topic Ethics in the context of Human Values. Aligned with that, we claim that computational techniques are not neutral and, therefore, ethical analysis is essential to the design of applications as well as theoretical or conceptual research. The goal of this work is to provide an understanding on how researchers have addressed the ethical aspects by analyzing the publications of the IHC-BR: the Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, the leading conference dedicated to HCI in Brazil. Thus, we conducted a Systematic Literature Review guided by the main research question: how does ethics permeate research published between 2006 and 2021? As a result, although less than 5% of the papers discussed ethical content, we observed a significant growth in ethical aspects over the years, both associated with the meta-research and its application.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Amorim, P. F., Sacramento, C., Capra, E. P., Tavares, P. Z., and Ferreira, S. B. L. (2019). Submit or not my hci research project to the ethics committee, that is the question. In Proceedings of the 18th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, IHC ’19, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.

Baranauskas, M. C., de Souza, C., and Pereira, R. (2014). I GranDIHC-BR — Grandes Desafios de Pesquisa em Interação Humano-Computador no Brasil. SBC, Porto Alegre, RS.

Barbosa, S., Silveira, M., and Gasparini, I. (2017). What publications metadata tell us about the evolution of a scientific community: the case of the brazilian human–computer interaction conference series. Scientometrics, 110(14):275–300.

Barger, R. (2008). Computer Ethics: A Case-Based Approach. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, RU.

Bietti, E. (2020). From ethics washing to ethics bashing: A view on tech ethics from within moral philosophy. In Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency, FAT* ’20, page 210–219, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.

Bock, A., España, S., Gulden, J., Jahn, K., Nweke, L. O., and Richter, A. (2021). The ethics of information systems: The present state of the discussion and avenues for future work. Number 51 in ECIS 2021 Research-in-Progress Papers.

Braz, P., Raposo, A., and de Souza, C. S. (2014). Uso de design probes no design de tecnologias para terapeutas de crianças com autismo. In Proceedings of the 13th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, IHC ’14, page 140–149, BRA. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação.

Brown, B., Weilenmann, A., McMillan, D., and Lampinen, A. (2016). Five provocations for ethical hci research. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI ’16, page 852–863, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.

Bruckman, A. (2014). Research Ethics and HCI, pages 449–468. Springer New York, New York, NY.

Bueno, A. and Anacleto, J. C. (2017). Municipal virtual communities (muvic): Expanding cities to the virtual world. In Proceedings of the XVI Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, IHC 2017, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.

Bueno, A., Ferreira, L. C., Ferreira, V., and Anacleto, J. C. (2016). Research trends in hci in brazil: An analysis in relation to the grandihc-br. In Proceedings of the 15th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, IHC ’16, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.

Canal, M. C. and Pereira, R. (2020). Movalues: A value-oriented method for evaluating online social networks. In Proceedings of the 19th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, IHC ’20, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.

Cappelli, C., Nunes, V., and Oliveira, R. (2021). Transparência e Transformação Digital: O Uso da Técnica da Linguagem Simples, pages 86–113. SBC, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.

Cardoso, L. (2020). O Branco Ante A Rebeldia Do Desejo: Um Estudo Sobre O Pesquisador Branco Que Possui O Negro Como Objeto Científico Tradicional, volume 2. Appris.

Carvalho, L. P. and Cappelli, C. (2019). Linguagem cidadã de processos em sistemas digitais. Blucher Design Proceedings, 6(6):1 – 13.

Carvalho, L. P., Oliveira, J., and Cappelli, C. (2020). Pesquisas em Análise de Redes Sociais e LGPD, análises e recomendações. In Anais do IX Brazilian Workshop on Social Network Analysis and Mining, pages 73–84, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. SBC.

Carvalho, L. P., Oliveira, J., Santoro, F. M., and Cappelli, C. (2021a). Social Network Analysis, Ethics and LGPD, considerations in research. iSys - Brazilian Journal of Information Systems, 14(2):28–52.

Carvalho, L. P., Suzano, J. A., Anastassiu, M., Santoro, F. M., Oliveira, J., and Gonçalves, J. a. C. (2021b). Ethics: What is the Research Scenario in the Brazilian Symposium SBQS? Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA.

Carvalho, L. P., Suzano, J. A., Oliveira, J., França, J., and Santoro, F. M. (2022). Ethics: What is the research scenario in the brazilian symposium sbsc? In Anais do XVII Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas Colaborativos, pages 159–166, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. SBC.

Carvalho, L. P., Suzano, J. A., Oliveira, J., Gasparini, I., and Santoro, F. M. (2021c). Ethics: What is the Research Scenario in the Brazilian Symposium SBIE? In Anais do XXXII Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação, pages 1308–1319, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. SBC.

Carvalho, L. P., Suzano, J. A., Oliveira, J., and Santoro, F. (2021d). Ethics: What is the Research Scenario in the Brazilian Symposium SBSI? In Anais da VII Escola Regional de Sistemas de Informação do Rio de Janeiro, pages 24–31, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. SBC.

Carvalho, L. P., Suzano, J. A., Santoro, F. M., Oliveira, J., and da Costa, R. M. E. M. (2021e). Ética: Qual o Panorama de Pesquisa no Simpósio Brasileiro SBGames? In Anais do XX Simpósio Brasileiro de Jogos de Computador e Entretenimento Digital, Gramado, RS, Brasil. SBGames.

Christians, C. G. (2007). Neutral science and the ethics of resistance. In Denzin, N. K. and Giardina, M. D., editors, Ethical Futures in Qualitative Research. Routledge. Routledge.

CNS (2012). RESOLUÇÃO Nº 466, DE 12 DE DEZEMBRO DE 2012. [link]. Accessed: 03/03/2022.

CNS (2016). RESOLUÇÃO Nº 510, DE 7 DE ABRIL DE 2016. [link]. Accessed: 03/03/2022.

Coelho, T., Barbosa, G. A. R., Silva, I. S., Coutinho, F. R. d. S., and da Silva, F. R. (2017). An overview of researches on digital accessibility before and after the great challenges of sbc 2006-2016: A systematic literature review. In Proceedings of the XVI Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, IHC 2017, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.

Cunha, J. A. O. G. d. and Aguiar, Y. P. C. (2020). Reflections on the role of nudges in human-computer interaction for behavior change: Software designers as choice architects. In Proceedings of the 19th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, IHC ’20, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.

da Silva, M. M., Chaves, L. S., Júnior, C. A. F., Guerra, C. S. D., Fernandes, S. R. L., Aguilar, P. A. C., Monteiro, I. T., and Sampaio, A. L. (2021). Wearable device in the form of glasses to assist the visually impaired in detecting obstacles. In Proceedings of the XX Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, IHC ’21, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.

Espinoza, G. E. T. and Baranauskas, M. C. C. (2020). Motivation, persuasion and healthy eating: A case study on a socially-aware persuasive system design. IHC ’20, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.

Fernández Pinto, M. (2020). Open science for private interests? how the logic of open science contributes to the commercialization of research. Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics, 5.

Ferraz, C. A. (2014). Ética Elementos Básicos. NEPFIL online, Pelotas, RS.

Fieser, J. (2020). Ethics. In The Internet encyclopedia of philosophy. [link]. Accessed: 03/03/2022.

Fiesler, C., Hancock, J., Bruckman, A., Muller, M., Munteanu, C., and Densmore, M. (2018). Research ethics for hci: A roundtable discussion. CHI EA ’18, page 1–5, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.

Frauenberger, C., Bruckman, A. S., Munteanu, C., Densmore, M., and Waycott, J. (2017). Research ethics in hci: A town hall meeting. CHI EA ’17, page 1295–1299, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.

Galvão, V. F., Maciel, C., Pereira, V. C., Garcia, A. C. B., Pereira, R., and Viterbo, J. (2021). Posthumous Data at Stake: An Overview of Digital Immortality Issues. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA.

Gonçales, L. J., Farias, K., Kupssinskü, L. S., and Segalotto, M. (2020). Evaluation of machine learning techniques to classify code comprehension based on developers’ eeg data. In Proceedings of the 19th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, IHC ’20, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.

Johnson, D. (2008). Computer Ethics. Pearson, 4 edition.

Kira, G. and Merkle, L. E. (2016). Articulating human computer interaction with science, technology and society studies. In Proceedings of the 15th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, IHC ’16, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.

Kitchenham, B. (2004). Procedures for performing systematic reviews. Keele, UK, Keele Univ., 33.

Kitchenham, B. and Charters, S. (2007). Guidelines for performing systematic literature reviews in software engineering. Technical Report EBSE 2007-001, Keele University and University of Durham.

Klock, A. C. T., Gasparini, I., and Pimenta, M. S. (2016). 5w2h framework: A guide to design, develop and evaluate the user-centered gamification. In Proceedings of the 15th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, IHC ’16, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.

Leitão, C., Maciel, C., Piccolo, L. S. G., Salgado, L., de Souza, P. C., Prates, R., Pereira, R., and Pereira, V. C. (2017). Human Values in HCI: a challenge for the GrandIHC-BR. In Proceedings of the XVI Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pages 1–6.

Lima, L., Furtado, V., Furtado, E. S., Almeida, V., and Silva, T. H. O. d. (2019). Discrimination analysis of intelligent voice assistants. In Proceedings of the 18th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, IHC ’19, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.

Maciel, C. (2011). Issues of the social web interaction project faced with afterlife digital legacy. In Proceedings of the 10th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems and the 5th Latin American Conference on Human- Computer Interaction, IHC+CLIHC ’11, page 3–12, Porto Alegre, BRA. Brazilian Computer Society.

Marczal, D. and Junior, P. T. A. (2016). A large-scale analysis of the use of session in a mobile application. In Proceedings of the 15th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, IHC ’16, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.

Martinez, M. L. (2017). An interaction design method for creative conceptual models’ design. In Proceedings of the XVI Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, IHC 2017, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.

Moor, J. H. (1985). What is computer ethics?*. Metaphilosophy, 16(4):266–275.

Munteanu, C., Bruckman, A., Muller, M., Frauenberger, C., Fiesler, C., Kraut, R. E., Shilton, K., and Waycott, J. (2019). Sigchi research ethics town hall. In Extended Abstracts of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI EA ’19, page 1–6, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.

Muriana, L. M. and Hornung, H. H. (2017). Including older adults into the design process: Challenges and lessons learned. In Proceedings of the XVI Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, IHC 2017, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.

Muriana, L. M., Silva, J. V., Santos, A. C., and Baranauskas, M. C. C. (2019). Affective state, self-esteem and technology: An exploratory study with children in hospital context. In Proceedings of the 18th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, IHC ’19, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.

Nelkin, D. K. (2021). Moral Luck. In Zalta, E. N., editor, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, Summer 2021 edition.

Neto, B. S., Neris, V., and Rodriguez, C. (2021). Building an IOT Programming Environment with and for Preschool Children. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA.

Paim, P., Prietch, S., and Duarte, A. (2018). Codesign in the exploratory phase of an assistive technology product design to support the teaching-learning process of brazilian-portuguese language for visual persons. In Proceedings of the 17th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, IHC 2018, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.

Paiva, I. M., Siqueira, S., and Ferreira, S. B. L. (2021). The Windows 10’s Color Filter Feature as an Aid for Color Blind People in the Use of Websites. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA.

Pater, J., Coupe, A., Pfafman, R., Phelan, C., Toscos, T., and Jacobs, M. (2021). Standardizing Reporting of Participant Compensation in HCI: A Systematic Literature Review and Recommendations for the Field. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA.

Pereira, G. C. and Baranauskas, M. C. C. (2017). Supporting people on fighting lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (lgbt) prejudice: A critical codesign process. In Proceedings of the XVI Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, IHC 2017, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.

Pereira, R., Baranauskas, M. C. C., and da Silva, S. R. P. (2010). Softwares sociais: Uma visão orientada a valores. In Proceedings of the IX Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, IHC ’10, page 149–158, Porto Alegre, BRA. Brazilian Computer Society.

Pereira, R., Baranauskas, M. C. C., and Liu, K. (2015). The value of values for hci: An informed discussion beyond philosophy. In Proceedings of the 14th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, IHC ’15, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.

Pereira, V. C. and Maciel, C. (2013). The user’s and the designer’s role and the aesthetic experience of generative literature. IHC ’13, page 188–197, Porto Alegre, BRA. Brazilian Computer Society.

Phelps, L., Fox, B., and Marincola, F. (2012). Supporting the advancement of science: Open access publishing and the role of mandates. J. Transl. Med., 10(13).

Pinheiro, M., Viana, W., Andrade, R. M. C., and Darin, T. (2021a). Flying Colors: Using Color Blindness Simulations in the Development of Accessible Mobile Games. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA.

Pinheiro, T. S., Valério, C. C., Maciel, C., da Hora Rodrigues, K. R., and dos Santos Nunes, E. P. (2021b). Revisiting Empathy Games Concept from User Comments Perspective. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA.

Recker, J. (2021). Scientific research in information systems: a beginner’s guide. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2 edition.

Reijers, W., Wright, D., Brey, P., Weber, K., Rodrigues, R., O’Sullivan, D., and Gordijn, B. (2018). Methods for practising ethics in research and innovation: A literature review, critical analysis and recommendations. Science and Engineering Ethics, 24.

Resnik, D. and Elliott, K. (2015). The ethical challenges of socially responsible science. Accountability in research, 23.

Sacramento, C., Nardi, L., Ferreira, S. B. L., and Marques, J. M. d. S. (2020). #pracegover: Investigating the description of visual content in brazilian online social media. In Proceedings of the 19th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, IHC ’20, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.

Salganik, M. J. (2017). Bit by Bit: Social Research in the Digital Age. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.

Santos, A. C., Muriana, L. M., Pimenta, J. R. O. G., Silva, J. V., Moreira, E. A., and Reis, J. C. (2019). Investigating aspects of affectibility for universal access in socioenactive system scenarios. In Proceedings of the 18th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, IHC ’19, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.

Santos, D. B., Melo Pinheiro, T. S., Maciel, C., Rodrigues, K. R. d. H., and Nunes, E. P. d. S. (2020). Interpreting posts in empathic games: Assumptions for a conceptual framework. In Proceedings of the 19th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, IHC ’20, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.

Santos, G. E. d. and Prates, R. O. (2018). Evaluating the promise framework for trust in sharing economy system. In Proceedings of the 17th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, IHC 2018, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.

Schroeder, M. (2021). Value Theory. In The Internet encyclopedia of philosophy. [link]. Accessed: 03/03/2022.

Sheneman, N. (2016). Deaf interpreters’ ethics: Reflections on training and decision-making. Journal of Interpretation,25(8).

Shilton, K. (2018). Values and ethics in human-computer interaction. Foundations and Trends® in Human–Computer Interaction, 12(2):107–171.

Silva, E., Torres, B., Sacramento, C., Capra, E. P., Ferreira, S. B. L., and Garcia, A. C. B. (2018). Privacy: What is the research scenario in brazilian symposium ihc? IHC 2018, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.

Silva, J. V., Baranauskas, M. C. C., Moreira, E. A., Muriana, L. M., and Santos, A. C. (2019). Reclaiming human space at iot: Contributions of the socially aware design. In Proceedings of the 18th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, IHC ’19, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.

Singer, P. (2011). Practical Ethics. Cambridge University Press, 3 edition.

Souza, L. G., Barbosa, S. D. J., and Conte, T. (2015). Evaluating a molic extension for collaborative systems design. In Proceedings of the 14th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, IHC ’15, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.

Spiekermann, S., Krasnova, H., Hinz, O., Baumann, A., Benlian, A., Gimpel, H., Heimbach, I., Köster, A., Maedche, A., Niehaves, B., Risius, M., and Trenz, M. Values and ethics in information systems. Business Information Systems Engineering.

Stephanidis, C., Salvendy, G., Chen, J. Y. C., Dong, J., Duffy, V. G., Fang, X., Fidopiastis, C., Fragomeni, G., Fu, L. P., Guo, Y., Harris, D., Ioannou, A., Jeong, K., Konomi, S., Krömker, H., Kurosu, M., Lewis, J. R., Marcus, A., Meiselwitz, G., Moallem, A., Mori, H., Nah, F. F.-H., Ntoa, S., Rau, P. P., Schmorrow, D., Siau, K., Streitz, N., Wang, W., Yamamoto, S., Zaphiris, P., and Zhou, J. (2019). Seven hci grand challenges. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 35(14):1229–1269.

Strey, M. R., Pereira, R., and de C. S., L. C. (2018). Human data-interaction: A systematic mapping. In Proceedings of the 17th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, IHC 2018, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.

Tomanik, E. A. (2008). Impactos da computação pervasiva na esfera da privacidade e da Ética. Psicologia em Estudo, 13(2):395 – 404.

Van Mechelen, M., Baykal, G. E., Dindler, C., Eriksson, E., and Iversen, O. S. (2020). 18 years of ethics in child-computer interaction research: A systematic literature review. In Proceedings of the Interaction Design and Children Conference, IDC ’20, page 161–183, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.

Vázquez, A. S. (2018). Ética. Civilização Brasileira, 39th edition.

Wieringa, R. J. (2014). Design science methodology: For information systems and software engineering. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, London, UK.

Zagzebski, L. (2017). Exemplarist Moral Theory. Oxford University Press, Nova Iorque, NI.