Socially Aware Design of Games: an early workshop for game designers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5753/jis.2020.757Keywords:
Game Design, Speech Therapy, Socially Aware DesignAbstract
Designing games to encourage players' positive and healthy behaviors is both a necessity and a challenge. Although the game research field has relevant contributions in literature, especially regarding gamification, serious games and persuasive computing, when the application domain is critical, such as education or health, it is necessary to understand the context in which a game will be inserted before actually proposing and designing it. This paper presents a collaborative workshop for problem understanding and requirements elicitation in the early stages of game design. The workshop stresses the importance of problem-understanding from a sociotechnical perspective before developing a game and before directly engaging other stakeholders. The paper presents the workshop in practice where designers must understand how to support children to perform speech therapy exercises outside hospital settings. The workshop was conducted to produce a systemic understanding of the problem domain, of human and technical aspects, possible solutions and their implications to be used as inputs for game design and evaluation. The paper presents the workshop and its main results, discussing lessons learned and highlighting the need for early and lean practices to promote the socially aware design of games.
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References
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Krischke, S., Weigelt, S., Hoppe, U., Köllner, V., Klotz, M., Eysholdt, U., and Rosanowski, F. (2005). Quality of life in dysphonic patients. Journal of Voice, 19(1):132–137.
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Leitão, C., Maciel, C., Piccolo, L. S. G., Salgado, L., de Souza, P. C., Prates, R., Pereira, R., and Pereira, V. C. (2017). Human values in hci: A challenge for the grandihc-br. In Proceedings of the XVI Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, IHC 2017, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Lenhart, A., Kahne, J., Middaugh, E., Macgill, A. R., Evans, C., and Vitak, J. (2008). Teens, video games, and civics: Teens’ gaming experiences are diverse and include significant social interaction and civic engagement. Pew internet & American life project.
Mader, S., Levieux, G., and Natkin, S. (2016). A game design method for therapeutic games. In 2016 8th International Conference on Games and Virtual Worlds for Serious Applications (VS-GAMES), pages 1–8. IEEE.
Maike, V. R., Posada, J. E. G., and Baranauskas, M. C. C. (2018). A memory game for all: Differences and perception as a design strategy. In 17th Brazilian Symposium on Games and Digital Entertainment (SBGames 2018).
Maike, V. R. M. L., Buchdid, S. B., and Baranauskas, M. C. C. (2015). Designing natural user interfaces scenarios for all and for some: An analysis informed by organizational semiotics artifacts. In Liu, K., Nakata, K., Li, W., and Galarreta, D., editors, Information and Knowledge Management in Complex Systems, pages 92–101, Cham. Springer International Publishing.
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Neris, V. P. d. A. and Rodrigues, K. R. H. (2016). Design of therapeutic information systems as indicating through signs. In Baranauskas, M. C. C., Liu, K., Sun, L., Neris, V. P. d. A., Bonacin, R., and Nakata, K., editors, Socially Aware Organisations and Technologies. Impact and Challenges, pages 203–208, Cham. Springer International Publishing.
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Pereira, R., Baranauskas, M. C., and Liu, K. (2018). An essay on human values in hci. Journal on Interactive Systems, 9(1).
Pereira, R. and Baranauskas, M. C. C. (2015). A value-oriented and culturally informed approach to the design of interactive systems. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 80:66–82.
Piccolo, L. S. G. and Pereira, R. (2017). Culture-based artefacts to inform ict design: foundations and practice. AI & SOCIETY, 34(3):437–453.
Pirovano, M., Surer, E., Mainetti, R., Lanzi, P. L., and Alberto Borghese, N. (2016). Exergaming and rehabilitation: A methodology for the design of effective and safe therapeutic exergames. Entertainment Computing, 14:55 – 65.
Pollonio, C. F. and Freire, R. M. d. C. (2008). O brincar na clínica fonoaudiológica. Distúrbios da Comunicação, 20(2):267–278.
Rodrigues, K., Garcia, F., Bocanegra, L., Gonçalves, V., Carvalho, V., and Neris, V. (2015). Personas-driven design for mental health therapeutic applications. Journal on Interactive Systems, 6(1).
Rodrigues, K. R. H., Bocanegra, L. F., Gonçalves, V. P., Carvalho, V. G., and Neris, V. P. A. (2014). Enriquecimento de personas para apoio ao design de aplicações terapêuticas para a saúde mental. In Proceedings of the 13th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, IHC ’14, page 51–60, BRA. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, Sociedade Brasileira de Computação.
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Sanders, E. B.-N. (2002). From user-centered to participatory design approaches. In Design and the social sciences, pages 18–25. CRC Press.
Santos, A. C. d., Muriana, L. a. M., Pimenta, J. R. O. G., Silva, J. V. d., Moreira, E. A., and Reis, J. C. d. (2019). Investigating aspects of affectibility for universal access in socioenactive system scenarios. In Proceedings of the 18th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, IHC ’19, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Schipor, O. A., Pentiuc, S. G., and Schipor, M. D. (2012). Improving computer based speech therapy using a fuzzy expert system. Computing and Informatics, 29(2):303–318.
Schuler, D. and Namioka, A. (1993). Participatory Design: Principles and Practices. L. Erlbaum Associates Inc., USA.
Silva, J. V. D., Maike, V. R. M. L., Muriana, L. M., Brennand, C. V. L. T., Pereira, R., Lima, T., and Baranauskas, M. C. C. (2019). Explorando afeto e sócioenação no cenário de um hospital. Technical report, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação.
Stamper, R. (1993). A semiotic theory of information and information systems. In Randell, B., editor, Proceedings of the Joint ICL/University of Newcastle Seminar on the Teaching of Computer Science, Part IX: Information, pages 1–33, Australia. University of Newcastle.
Stamper, R. K. (2001). Organisational semiotics: Informatics without the computer? In Information, organisation and technology, pages 115–171. Springer.
Stamper, R. K., Liu, K., Hafkamp, M., and Ades, Y. (2000). Understanding the roles of signs and norms in organizations - a semiotic approach to information systems design. Behaviour & information technology, 19(1):15–27.
The Spriters Resource (2018). The Spriters Resource - Super Mario Bros. https://www.spriters-resource.com/ nes/supermariobros/sheet/52571. Online; accessed in November 2018.
Ushaw, G., Davison, R., Eyre, J., and Morgan, G. (2015).
Adopting best practices from the games industry in development of serious games for health. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Digital Health 2015, DH ’15, page 1–8, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Vanden Abeele, V., De Schutter, B., Geurts, L., Desmet, S., Wauters, J., Husson, J., Van den Audenaeren, L., Van Broeckhoven, F., Annema, J.-H., and Geerts, D. (2012). P-iii: A player-centered, iterative, interdisciplinary and integrated framework for serious game design and development. In De Wannemacker, S., Vandercruysse, S., and Clarebout, G., editors, Serious Games: The Challenge, pages 82–86, Berlin, Heidelberg. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
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Werbach, K. and Hunter, D. (2012). For the win: How game thinking can revolutionize your business. Wharton Digital Press.
Westera, W., Nadolski, R., Hummel, H. G., and Wopereis, I. G. (2008). Serious games for higher education: a framework for reducing design complexity. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 24(5):420–432.
Yusoff, A., Crowder, R., Gilbert, L., and Wills, G. (2009). A conceptual framework for serious games. In 2009 Ninth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, pages 21–23. IEEE.
Annetta, L. A. (2010). The “i’s” have it: A framework for serious educational game design. Review of General Psychology, 14(2):105–113.
Bannon, L. (2011). Reimagining hci: Toward a more human-centered perspective. Interactions, 18(4):50–57.
Baranauskas, M. C. C. (2009). Socially aware computing. In Proceedings of International Conference on Engineering and Computer Education, volume 6, pages 84–88. Claudio da Rocha Brito & Melany M. Ciampi.
Baranauskas, M. C. C. (2015). Sistemas sócio-enativos: investigando novas dimensões no design da interação mediada por tecnologias de informação e comunicação. FAPESP Thematic Project (2015/165280).
Baranauskas, M. C. C., Martins, M. C., and Valente, J. A. (2013). Codesign de Redes Digitais: tecnologia e educação a serviço da inclusão social. Penso Editora.
Bekker, M. and Long, J. (2000). User involvement in the design of human—computer interactions: Some similarities and differences between design approaches. In McDonald, S., Waern, Y., and Cockton, G., editors, People and Computers XIV — Usability or Else!, pages 135–147. Springer London, London.
da Silva Cardoso, J. V., Schmidt, E. L., and Pereira, R. (2018). E-mundi - um framework conceitual para a análise e concepção de jogos eletrônicos. In Anais do 27o Simpósio Brasileiro de Jogos e Entretenimento Digital, pages 142–151.
De Souza, P. M. (2018). Abordagem para o Design de Jogos Digitais Terapêuticos. 115p. PhD thesis, Dissertação de mestrado. Universidade Federal de São Carlos. São Carlos, SP.
de Souza, P. M., da Hora Rodrigues, K. R., Garcia, F. E., and de Almeida Neris, V. P. (2018). Towards a semiotic-based approach to the design of therapeutic digital games. In Liu, K., Nakata, K., Li, W., and Baranauskas, C., editors, Digitalisation, Innovation, and Transformation, pages 53– 62, Cham. Springer International Publishing.
de Souza, P. M., Rodrigues, K. R. d. H., and de Almeida Neris, V. P. (2019). Semth: An approach to the design of therapeutic digital games. In Proceedings of the 18th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, IHC ’19, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Ferrari, B., Junior, D. S., Oliveira, C., Ortiz, J., and Pereira, R. (2019). Design socialmente consciente de jogos: relato de uma oficina prática para o entendimento do problema e prospecção de ideias. In Anais do I Workshop sobre Interação e Pesquisa de Usuários no Desenvolvimento de Jogos, pages 11–20, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. SBC.
Frost, S. and McCrindle, R. J. (2016). Speech development and therapy using the kinect. International Journal of Child Health and Human Development, 9(3):269–279.
G1 (2019). Em 10 anos no brasil, android foi de 2 smartphones para sistema operacional dominante do mercado. Acessible in https://g1.globo.com/economia/ tecnologia/noticia/2019/11/26/ha-10-anos-no-brasil-android-foi-de-2-smartphones-para-sistema-operacional-dominante-do-mercado.ghtml Online; accessed 31-March-2020.
Garcia, F. E., da Hora Rodrigues, K. R., and de Almeida Neris, V. P. (2016). An interaction modeling language for therapeutic applications. In Proceedings of the 15th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, IHC ’16, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Krischke, S., Weigelt, S., Hoppe, U., Köllner, V., Klotz, M., Eysholdt, U., and Rosanowski, F. (2005). Quality of life in dysphonic patients. Journal of Voice, 19(1):132–137.
Kummer, A. W. (2013). Cleft palate & craniofacial anomalies: Effects on speech and resonance. Nelson Education.
Leitão, C., Maciel, C., Piccolo, L. S. G., Salgado, L., de Souza, P. C., Prates, R., Pereira, R., and Pereira, V. C. (2017). Human values in hci: A challenge for the grandihc-br. In Proceedings of the XVI Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, IHC 2017, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Lenhart, A., Kahne, J., Middaugh, E., Macgill, A. R., Evans, C., and Vitak, J. (2008). Teens, video games, and civics: Teens’ gaming experiences are diverse and include significant social interaction and civic engagement. Pew internet & American life project.
Mader, S., Levieux, G., and Natkin, S. (2016). A game design method for therapeutic games. In 2016 8th International Conference on Games and Virtual Worlds for Serious Applications (VS-GAMES), pages 1–8. IEEE.
Maike, V. R., Posada, J. E. G., and Baranauskas, M. C. C. (2018). A memory game for all: Differences and perception as a design strategy. In 17th Brazilian Symposium on Games and Digital Entertainment (SBGames 2018).
Maike, V. R. M. L., Buchdid, S. B., and Baranauskas, M. C. C. (2015). Designing natural user interfaces scenarios for all and for some: An analysis informed by organizational semiotics artifacts. In Liu, K., Nakata, K., Li, W., and Galarreta, D., editors, Information and Knowledge Management in Complex Systems, pages 92–101, Cham. Springer International Publishing.
Michael, D. R. and Chen, S. L. (2005). Serious games: Games that educate, train, and inform. Muska & Lipman/Premier-Trade.
Muller, M. J. (2002). Participatory Design: The Third Space in HCI, page 1051–1068. L. Erlbaum Associates Inc., USA.
Neris, V. P. d. A. and Rodrigues, K. R. H. (2016). Design of therapeutic information systems as indicating through signs. In Baranauskas, M. C. C., Liu, K., Sun, L., Neris, V. P. d. A., Bonacin, R., and Nakata, K., editors, Socially Aware Organisations and Technologies. Impact and Challenges, pages 203–208, Cham. Springer International Publishing.
Nguyen, D. (2013). Flappy bird. Apple App Store.
Novak, J. (2011). Game development essentials: an introduction. Cengage Learning, New York, NY, USA. Osterwalder, A. and Pigneur, Y. (2010). Business model generation: a handbook for visionaries, game changers, and challengers. John Wiley & Sons.
Pereira, R., Baranauskas, M. C., and Liu, K. (2018). An essay on human values in hci. Journal on Interactive Systems, 9(1).
Pereira, R. and Baranauskas, M. C. C. (2015). A value-oriented and culturally informed approach to the design of interactive systems. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 80:66–82.
Piccolo, L. S. G. and Pereira, R. (2017). Culture-based artefacts to inform ict design: foundations and practice. AI & SOCIETY, 34(3):437–453.
Pirovano, M., Surer, E., Mainetti, R., Lanzi, P. L., and Alberto Borghese, N. (2016). Exergaming and rehabilitation: A methodology for the design of effective and safe therapeutic exergames. Entertainment Computing, 14:55 – 65.
Pollonio, C. F. and Freire, R. M. d. C. (2008). O brincar na clínica fonoaudiológica. Distúrbios da Comunicação, 20(2):267–278.
Rodrigues, K., Garcia, F., Bocanegra, L., Gonçalves, V., Carvalho, V., and Neris, V. (2015). Personas-driven design for mental health therapeutic applications. Journal on Interactive Systems, 6(1).
Rodrigues, K. R. H., Bocanegra, L. F., Gonçalves, V. P., Carvalho, V. G., and Neris, V. P. A. (2014). Enriquecimento de personas para apoio ao design de aplicações terapêuticas para a saúde mental. In Proceedings of the 13th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, IHC ’14, page 51–60, BRA. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, Sociedade Brasileira de Computação.
Rodrigues, K. R. H., Conrado, D. B. F., and Neris, V. P. A. (2018). Lessons learned in designing a digital therapeutic game to support the treatment and well-being of children with cancer. In Marcus, A. and Wang, W., editors, Design, User Experience, and Usability: Users, Contexts and Case Studies, pages 231–243, Cham. Springer International Publishing.
Rogers, S. (2014). Level Up! The guide to great video game design. John Wiley & Sons.
Sanders, E. B.-N. (2002). From user-centered to participatory design approaches. In Design and the social sciences, pages 18–25. CRC Press.
Santos, A. C. d., Muriana, L. a. M., Pimenta, J. R. O. G., Silva, J. V. d., Moreira, E. A., and Reis, J. C. d. (2019). Investigating aspects of affectibility for universal access in socioenactive system scenarios. In Proceedings of the 18th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, IHC ’19, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Schipor, O. A., Pentiuc, S. G., and Schipor, M. D. (2012). Improving computer based speech therapy using a fuzzy expert system. Computing and Informatics, 29(2):303–318.
Schuler, D. and Namioka, A. (1993). Participatory Design: Principles and Practices. L. Erlbaum Associates Inc., USA.
Silva, J. V. D., Maike, V. R. M. L., Muriana, L. M., Brennand, C. V. L. T., Pereira, R., Lima, T., and Baranauskas, M. C. C. (2019). Explorando afeto e sócioenação no cenário de um hospital. Technical report, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação.
Stamper, R. (1993). A semiotic theory of information and information systems. In Randell, B., editor, Proceedings of the Joint ICL/University of Newcastle Seminar on the Teaching of Computer Science, Part IX: Information, pages 1–33, Australia. University of Newcastle.
Stamper, R. K. (2001). Organisational semiotics: Informatics without the computer? In Information, organisation and technology, pages 115–171. Springer.
Stamper, R. K., Liu, K., Hafkamp, M., and Ades, Y. (2000). Understanding the roles of signs and norms in organizations - a semiotic approach to information systems design. Behaviour & information technology, 19(1):15–27.
The Spriters Resource (2018). The Spriters Resource - Super Mario Bros. https://www.spriters-resource.com/ nes/supermariobros/sheet/52571. Online; accessed in November 2018.
Ushaw, G., Davison, R., Eyre, J., and Morgan, G. (2015).
Adopting best practices from the games industry in development of serious games for health. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Digital Health 2015, DH ’15, page 1–8, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Vanden Abeele, V., De Schutter, B., Geurts, L., Desmet, S., Wauters, J., Husson, J., Van den Audenaeren, L., Van Broeckhoven, F., Annema, J.-H., and Geerts, D. (2012). P-iii: A player-centered, iterative, interdisciplinary and integrated framework for serious game design and development. In De Wannemacker, S., Vandercruysse, S., and Clarebout, G., editors, Serious Games: The Challenge, pages 82–86, Berlin, Heidelberg. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
VanGundy, A. B. (1984). Brain writing for new product ideas: an alternative to brainstorming. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 1(2):67–74.
Werbach, K. and Hunter, D. (2012). For the win: How game thinking can revolutionize your business. Wharton Digital Press.
Westera, W., Nadolski, R., Hummel, H. G., and Wopereis, I. G. (2008). Serious games for higher education: a framework for reducing design complexity. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 24(5):420–432.
Yusoff, A., Crowder, R., Gilbert, L., and Wills, G. (2009). A conceptual framework for serious games. In 2009 Ninth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, pages 21–23. IEEE.
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2020-12-09
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FERRARI, B.; JUNIOR, D. P. da S.; OLIVEIRA, C. M.; ORTIZ, J. S. B.; PEREIRA, R. Socially Aware Design of Games: an early workshop for game designers. Journal on Interactive Systems, Porto Alegre, RS, v. 11, n. 1, p. 92–109, 2020. DOI: 10.5753/jis.2020.757. Disponível em: https://journals-sol.sbc.org.br/index.php/jis/article/view/757. Acesso em: 21 nov. 2024.
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