Autism and New Technologies: Reflections on Brazilian Publications in the face of French Recommendations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5753/rbie.2020.28.0.528Keywords:
Autism, Digital Resources, Software Development Guideline, InclusionAbstract
The heterogeneity of the symptoms of autistic requires case-specific interventions. In Brazil, since 2012, government guidelines were established to guarantee the inclusion of the population with autism, including the enrolment of them in regular schools with technology support. As a consequence, academic research and assistive solutions have been boosted in academia and the software industry. On the other hand, France has been studying this part of the population and proposing public policies in the last two decades. Therefore, a descriptive comparative analysis of the Assistive Technology resources that have been developed, used and evaluated in Brazil, according to the French recommendations is relevant in an attempt to improve and direct efforts based on more mature experiences. In this scenario, the national scientific production on "Autism, Education and Technology" was mapped to compile information about the researches through a literature review, contemplating 33 articles that identified the predominance of educational software solutions for autistic children. Then, a descriptive comparative analysis was performed between the Brazilian solutions reported in the literature with the report built by the International Foundation for Applied Research on Disability (FIRAH, France), which aims to minimize problems and maximize gains in the technologies usage by people with autism. It was noticed in both, national publications and the guide recommended by France, that there is a deficit in technical-scientific contributions that can support the developing process and quality evaluation of autistic assistive resources in Software Engineering. Also, from the user's point of view, some initiatives can be taken for maximizing software quality and provide adequate user experiences. As a result we proposed twelve (12) recommendations to improve software suitability to individuals with autism, such as, provide a timer, activities with progressive levels, multimedia and multimodal interface, content and media customization, etc.
Downloads
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®). American Psychiatric Pub. [DOI:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596]
Brasil. Lei no 10.764, (2012, December). Disponível em: [Link]
Cordeiro, R. F., Ferreira, W. S., Aguiar, Y. P. C., Saraiva, J. A. G., Tardif, C. & Galy, E. (2018, October). The Brazilian Challenge to Accessibility and Digital Inclusion for People With Autistic Spectrum Disorders, In proceedings of the 17th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1-9). [DOI: 10.1145/3274192.3274229].[GS Search]
de Matos Cano, T. (2016). Panorama brasileiro do atendimento a autistas e necessidade da inclusão no censo 2020. Revista de Medicina e Saúde de Brasília, 5(2). [GS Search]
de Paula Nunes, D. R., de Azevedo, M. O. A. & Schmidt, C. (2013). Inclusão educacional de pessoas com Autismo no Brasil: uma revisão da literatura. Revista Educação Especial, 26(47), 557-572.[DOI:10.5902/1984686X10178].[GS Search]
Ferreira, W., Cordeiro, R., Aguiar, Y. P. C., Saraiva, J., Tardif, C., & Galy, E. (2018, October). Panorama das Publicações Nacionais sobre Autismo, Educação e Tecnologia. In Brazilian Symposium on Computers in Education (Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação-SBIE) (vol. 29, No. 1, p. 913). [DOI:10.5753/cbie.sbie.2018.913].[GS Search]
Fletcher-Watson, S. (2014). A targeted review of computer-assisted learning for people with autism spectrum disorder: Towards a consistent methodology. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1(2), 87-100.[DOI:10.1007/s40489-013-0003-4].[GS Search]
Firah (2018a). Témoignages des parents, professionnels et enfants autistes sur les usages numériques: Rapport inter-Pays. Projet Autisme & Nouvelles Technologies, Fondation Internationale de la Recherche Appliquée sur le Handicap (FIRAH). [Link]
Firah (2018b). Trucs et astuces: issus des témoignages des parents, professionnels et enfants sur les usages numériques. Projet Autisme & Nouvelles Technologies, Fondation Internationale de la Recherche Appliquée sur le Handicap (FIRAH). [Link]
Garnier, P. (2017). Autisme et Nouvelles Technologies. Revue de littérature sur les questions de l’usage des outils numériques dans l’aide à la communication non verbale et à l’interaction sociale chez les personnes avec des troubles du spectre de l’autisme (TSA).[GS Search]
Grynszpan, O., Weiss, P. L., Perez-Diaz, F. & Gal, E. (2014). Innovative technology-based interventions for autism spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis. Autism, 18(4), 346-361.[DOI:10.1177/1362361313476767].[GS Search]
Kitchenham, B. & Charters, S. G. (2007). Guidelines for performing systematic literature reviews in software engineering. Keele University and University of Durham. Technical Report Ebse-2007-01.[GS Search]
Mello, A. M., Andrade, M. A. & Chen, H. H. (2013). Retratos do autismo no Brasil. São Paulo: Associação dos Amigos do Autista. [Link]
Ministério da Saúde. (2013). Linha de cuidado para a atenção às pessoas com Transtornos do Espectro do Autismo e suas famílias na Rede de Atenção Psicossocial do SUS.[GS Search]
Nascimento, V. N. G. (2016). O acompanhamento terapêutico escolar no processo de inclusão de uma criança autista. .[GS Search]
Nielsen, J. (1994). Usability engineering. Elsevier.
Rios, C., Ortega, F., Zorzanelli, R. & Nascimento L. F. (2015). From invisibility to epidemic: the narrative construction of autism in the Brazilian press. Interface Comunicação, Saúde, Educação, 19(53), 325-35.[DOI:10.1590/1807-57622014.0146].[GS Search]
Rogers, Y., Sharp, H. & Preece, J. (2013). Design de Interação. Bookman Editora.
Santarosa, L. M. C., & Conforto, D. (2016). Educational and digital inclusion for subjects with autism spectrum disorders in 1:1 technological configuration. Computers in Human Behavior, 60, 293–300.[DOI:10.1016/j.chb.2016.02.021].[GS Search]
Story, M. F. (2001) Principles of universal design. Universal design handbook.
Vieira, N. M. & Baldin, S. R. (2017). Diagnóstico e Intervenção de Indivíduos com Transtorno do Espectro Autista. Encontro Internacional de Formação de Professores e Fórum Permanente de Inovação Educacional, 10(1). [GS Search]
Virnes, M., Kärnä, E. & Vellonen, V. (2015). Review of research on children with autism spectrum disorder and the use of technology. Journal of Special Education Technology, 30(1), 13-27. [DOI:10.1177/016264341503000102].[GS Search]
Voltolini, C. (2015). L’utilisation des nouvelles technologies dans la prise en charge de personnes présentant des troubles du spectre autistique. Education.[GS Search]
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Yuska P. C. Aguiar, Williby S. Ferreira, Rafael F. Cordeiro, Juliana A. G. Saraiva, Carole Tardif, Edith Galy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
