Avaliação de Habilidades do Pensamento Crítico no Ensino Técnico e Superior no Ensino de Computação: Um Mapeamento Sistemático
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5753/rbie.2025.5321Keywords:
Pensamento Crítico, Avaliação, Ensino de Computação, Ensino Superior, Ensino Técnico, Mapeamento SistemáticoAbstract
O pensamento crítico é uma habilidade essencial do século XXI e, particularmente, importante para profissionais de computação, que precisam constantemente resolver problemas complexos e tomar decisões fundamentadas em um cenário tecnológico em rápida evolução. Este estudo apresenta um mapeamento sistemático da literatura sobre a avaliação do pensamento crítico no ensino técnico e superior de computação. Foram analisados 12 artigos, publicados entre 2013 e 2024, identificando tendências e lacunas nesta área. Os resultados indicam uma predominância de estudos em países asiáticos, com foco no ensino superior, especialmente para ingressantes de cursos de Ciência da Computação e Engenharias. A maioria dos estudos utiliza autoavaliação e instrumentos padronizados, como o Computational Thinking Scale (CTS), para avaliar habilidades de pensamento crítico. As habilidades mais frequentemente avaliadas são: Avaliação, Análise, Autorregulação e Inferência. Observou-se uma variabilidade na qualidade e no relato das propriedades psicométricas dos instrumentos. Este mapeamento fornece achados para educadores e pesquisadores, destacando a necessidade de desenvolver instrumentos de avaliação mais robustos e específicos para o contexto da computação, bem como de realizar estudos longitudinais sobre o desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico na formação em computação.
Downloads
Referências
Ab. Wahid, N. (2022). Developing Critical Thinking Skills in Secondary School Students: The Potential for Strategic Management through Problem-Posing Instructional Strategy. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 11(3), 126-140. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarped/v11-i3/15505 [GS Search]
ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Task Force on Computing Curricula. (2023). Computer Science Curricula 2023 (Relatório técnico). ACM Press e IEEE Computer Society Press. Disponível em: [link] [GS Search]
Adam, K., Lightfoot, R., Chowdhury, M., & Donaldson, J. P. (2023). Cultivating computational thinking through game-based learning. Em Anais da 2023 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE) (pp. 1-4). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE58773.2023.10342931 [GS Search]
Ahern, A., Dominguez, C., McNally, C., O'Sullivan, J. J., & Pedrosa, D. (2019). Uma revisão de literatura sobre pensamento crítico na educação em engenharia. Studies in Higher Education, 44(5), 816–828. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1586325 [GS Search]
Aji, G., & Nugraheni, B. (2023). Critical thinking skills of high school and vocational school students in Indonesia: A literature review. International Journal of Education and Social Science Research, 6(3), 353–367. https://doi.org/10.37500/ijessr.2023.6328 [GS Search]
Aktoprak, A., & Hürsen, Ç. (2022). A bibliometric and content analysis of critical thinking in primary education. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 44, 101029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2022.101029 [GS Search]
Al-Mubaid, H., & Bettayeb, S. (2017). Intervention-based method for improving learning and critical thinking. Em Anais da 2017 Computing Conference (pp. 1232-1237). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/SAI.2017.8252247. [GS Search]
Allen, J. P., Pianta, R. C., Gregory, A., Mikami, A. Y., & Lun, J. (2011). Observations of effective teacher–student interactions in secondary school classrooms: Predicting student achievement with the Classroom Assessment Scoring System—Secondary. Journal of Educational Psychology, 103(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021376. [GS Search]
Alves, N. C., Pereira, A. M., & Barbosa, E. F. (2021). Assessing product creativity in computing education: A systematic mapping study. Informatics in Education, 20(1), 1-28.https://doi.org/10.15388/infedu.2021.01. [GS Search]
Anders, P. L., Stellrecht, E. M., Davis, E. L., & McCall, W. D. Jr. (2019). A systematic review of critical thinking instruments for use in dental education. Journal of Dental Education, 83(4), 381–391. https://doi.org/10.21815/JDE.019.044 [GS Search]
Andrade, H. (2019). A critical review of research on student self-assessment. Frontiers in Education, 4, 87 https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2019.00087. [GS Search]
Andreucci-Annunziata, P., Mariño, R., & Martínez, D. (2023). Conceptualizations and instructional strategies on critical thinking in higher education: A systematic review of systematic reviews. Frontiers in Education, 8, 1141686. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1141686. [GS Search]
Antonova, S., Pletyago, T., & Ostapenko, A. (2020). Fomentando habilidades de pensamento crítico em instituições de ensino superior europeias e asiáticas. MIER Journal of Educational Studies Trends and Practices, 10(2), 138-150.
Araújo, B., Gomes, S. F., & Ribeiro, L. (2024a). Critical thinking pedagogical practices in medical education: A systematic review. Frontiers in Medicine, 11, [Artigo 1183625]. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2024.1358444. [GS Search]
Araújo, L., Pessoa, M., & Pires, F. (2024b). Investigando a relação entre pensamento computacional e narrativas digitais e não digitais. In Anais do 35º Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação (SBIE) (pp. 3294-3303). Porto Alegre, RS: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação. https://doi.org/10.5753/sbie.2024.244972. [GS Search]
Baker, R., Isotani, S., & Carvalho, A. (2011). Mineração de Dados Educacionais: Oportunidades para o Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Informática na Educação, 19(2), https://doi.org/10.5753/rbie.2011.19.02.03. [GS Search]
Braun, H. I., Shavelson, R. J., Zlatkin-Troitschanskaia, O., & Borowiec, K. (2020). Performance assessment of critical thinking: Conceptualization, design, and implementation. Frontiers in Education, 5, 156. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.00156. [GS Search]
Billah, A., Aunurrahman, A., & Sumarni, L. (2021). Analysis of critical thinking in junior high school students through science learning in Indonesia: A systematic review. Em Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1760, No. 1, p. 012013). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1796/1/012013. [GS Search]
Brasil. (2019). Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para Engenharia (DCN CNE 2/2019). Ministério da Educação. Disponível em: [link].
Cargas, S., Williams, S., & Rosenberg, M. (2017). An approach to teaching critical thinking across disciplines using performance tasks with a common rubric. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 26, 24-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2017.05.005. [GS Search]
Catojo, A. R. S., & Nunes, M. A. S. N. (2024). O pensamento computacional para o desenvolvimento de aprendizagens de leitura e pensamento críticos no ensino fundamental: Um mapeamento sistemático da literatura. Revista Brasileira de Informática na Educação, 32(1), 135-156. https://doi.org/10.5753/rbie.2024.3122. [GS Search]
Chai, C. S., Deng, F., Tsai, P. S., Koh, J. H. L., & Tsai, C. C. (2015). Assessing multidimensional students' perceptions of twenty-first-century learning practices. Asia Pacific Education Review, 16(3), 389-398. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-015-9379-4. [GS Search]
Chang, S.-C., & Wongwatkit, C. (2024). Effects of a peer assessment-based scrum project learning system on computer programming’s learning motivation, collaboration, communication, critical thinking, and cognitive load. Education and Information Technologies, 29(6), 7105-7128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-12084-x. [GS Search]
Cortázar, C., Chávez, F., Lavín, C., Llorens, D., & Mayol, E. (2021). Promoting critical thinking in an online, project-based course. Computers in Human Behavior, 119, 106705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.106705. [GS Search]
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (5ª ed.). SAGE Publications. [GS Search]
Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297-334. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02310555. [GS Search]
Critical Thinking. (2019). Critical thinking testing and assessment. Foundation for Critical Thinking. Disponível em: [link].
Criteriacorp. (2023). Pre-employment critical thinking tests. Disponível em: [link].
Cruz, G., Carreira, R. P., & Dominguez, C. (2018). Critical thinking education in the portuguese higher education institutions: a systematic review of educational practices. Revista Lusófona de Educação. https://doi.org/10.24140/issn.1645-7250.rle38.03.[GS Search]
Cui, C., Li, Y., Geng, D., Zhang, H., & Jin, C. (2018). The effectiveness of evidence-based nursing on development of nursing students' critical thinking: A meta-analysis. Nurse Education Today, 65, 46-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2018.02.036. [GS Search]
DeVellis, R. F. (2017). Scale Development: Theory and Applications (4ª ed.). SAGE Publications, Inc.
Ennis, R. H. (1985). A logical basis for measuring critical thinking skills. Educational Leadership, 43(2), 44-48. [GS Search]
Ennis, R. H., Millman, J., & Tomko, T. N. (2005). Cornell Critical Thinking Tests (3ª ed.). The Critical Thinking Co.
Facione, N., Facione, P. A., & Sanchez, C. A. (1994). Critical thinking disposition as a measure of competent clinical judgment: The development of the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory. The Journal of Nursing Education, 33(8), 345-350. https://doi.org/10.3928/0148-4834-19941001-05. [GS Search]
Facione, P. A. (1990). California Critical Thinking Skills Test: CCTST. California Academic Press.
Facione, P. A., & Facione, N. C. (1990). Critical Thinking: A Statement of Expert Consensus for Purposes of Educational Assessment and Instruction. ERIC, Institute of Education Sciences. [GS Search]
Facione, P. A., Facione, N. C., & Winterhalter, K. (2012). The Test of Everyday Reasoning (TER): Test Manual. California Academic Press.
Giordano, D., & Maiorana, F. (2014). Use of cutting edge educational tools for an initial programming course. Em Anais da 2014 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON) (pp. 556-563). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/EDUCON.2014.6826147. [GS Search]
Glorfeld, L. W. (1995). An improvement on Horn's parallel analysis methodology for selecting the correct number of factors to retain. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 55(3), 377–393.https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164495055003002. [GS Search]
Gong, D., Yang, H. H., & Cai, J. (2020). Exploring the key influencing factors on college students’ computational thinking skills through flipped-classroom instruction. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 17(19). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-020-00196-0. [GS Search]
Guggemos, J., Seufert, S., & Román-González, M. (2023). Computational thinking assessment – Towards more vivid interpretations. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 28(4), 539–568. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-021-09587-2. [GS Search]
Hattie, J., Timperley, H. (2007). The power of feedback. Review of Educational Research, 77(1), 81-112. [GS Search]
Huang, Y. (2019). Establishing critical thinking course for high school students in China: A literature review in pedagogy field. Em Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Education (Vol. 5, pp. 59-66). https://doi.org/10.17501/24246700.2019.5107. [GS Search]
Huang, X., & Qiao, C. (2024). Enhancing computational thinking skills through artificial intelligence education at a STEAM high school. Science & Education, 33, 207–225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11191-022-00392-6. [GS Search]
İlić, U. (2021). The impact of Scratch-assisted instruction on computational thinking (CT) skills of pre-service teachers. International Journal of Research in Education and Science, 7(2), 377-392. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijres.1412. [GS Search]
Insight Assessment. (2023). Critical thinking assessments for higher education. Disponível em: [link].
Instituto Ayrton Senna. (2024). Site Oficial. Disponível em: [link].
Jöreskog, K. G. (1969). A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 34(2), 183–202. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02289343. [GS Search]
Kaiser, H. F., & Rice, J. (1974). Little Jiffy, Mark IV. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 34(1), 111-117. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447403400115. [GS Search]
Kalelioglu, F., Gulbahar, Y., & Kukul, V. (2016). A framework for computational thinking based on a systematic research review. Baltic Journal of Modern Computing, 4(3), 583-596. Disponível em: [link]
Kaur, A., & Chahal, K. K. (2023). Exploring personality and learning motivation influences on students’ computational thinking skills in introductory programming courses. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 32(5), 778–792. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-023-10052-1. [GS Search]
Kautzmann, T. (2015). Um Modelo de Agente Pedagógico para o Treinamento Adaptativo da Habilidade Metacognitiva de Monitoramento do Conhecimento em Sistemas Tutores Inteligentes (Dissertação de Mestrado). Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Computação Aplicada. [GS Search]
Kleemola, K., Hyytinen, H., & Toom, A. (2022). Exploring internal structure of a performance-based critical thinking assessment for new students in higher education. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 47(4), 556-569. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2021.1935081. [GS Search]
Korkmaz, Ö., Çakir, R., & Özden, M. Y. (2017). A validity and reliability study of the Computational Thinking Scales (CTS). Computers in Human Behavior, 72, 558-569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.01.005. [GS Search]
Korkmaz, Ö., Çakır, R., & Özden, M. Y. (2015). Computational thinking levels scale (CTLS) adaptation for secondary school level. Gazi Journal of Educational Science, 1(2), 143–162.
Lee, H., Feldman, A., & Beatty, R. (2020). The effectiveness and features of formative assessment in US K-12 education: A systematic review. Applied Measurement in Education, 33(2), 124-140.https://doi.org/10.1080/08957347.2020.1732383. [GS Search]
Lin, P.-H., & Chen, S.-Y. (2020). Design and evaluation of a deep learning recommendation based augmented reality system for teaching programming and computational thinking. IEEE Access, 8, 45689-45699. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2977679. [GS Search]
Liu, D., & Zhang, H. (2022). Improving students’ higher order thinking skills and achievement using WeChat-based flipped classroom in higher education. Education and Information Technologies, 27(6), 7281–7302. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-10. [GS Search]
Liu, J. L., McBride, R. E., Xiang, P., & Scarmardo-Rhodes, M. (2018). Physical education pre-service teachers’ understanding, application, and development of critical thinking. Quest, 70(1), 23-38. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2017.1325205. [GS Search]
Liu, O. L., Liu, H., Lee, S., & May, S. K. (2018). Assessing college critical thinking: Preliminary results from the Chinese HEIghten® Critical Thinking assessment. Higher Education Research and Development, 37(5), 999–1014. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2018.1467381. [GS Search]
Lorencová, H., Jarošová, E., Avgitidou, S., & Dimitriadou, C. (2019). Critical thinking practices in teacher education programmes: a systematic review. Studies in Higher Education, 44(5), 844–859.https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1586331. [GS Search]
Luo, J., Jeon, M., & Shen, H. (2024). Chinese university students’ growth in critical thinking: Accounting for school transition and selection effects. Chinese/English Journal of Educational Measurement and Evaluation, 5(1), Artigo 3. [GS Search]
Ma, L., & Feng, Q. (2022). A capacidade de pensamento crítico dos alunos de graduação e o impacto das práticas educacionais de alto impacto — um estudo empírico baseado em uma universidade de “dupla primeira classe”. China Higher Education Research, 5, 72–79. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.05.12. [GS Search]
Mäkiö, E., & Mäkiö, J. (2023). The task-based approach to teaching critical thinking for computer science students. Education Sciences, 13(7), 742. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13070742. [GS Search]
Marquès Puig, J. M., Daradoumis, T., Arguedas, M., & Calvet Liñán, L. (2021). Using a distributed systems laboratory to facilitate students' cognitive, metacognitive and critical thinking strategy use. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 37(6), 1426-1437. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12605. [GS Search]
Martins, R. M., et al. (2024). Machine learning for all!—Introducing machine learning in middle and high school. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 34, 185-223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-022-00295-4[GS Search]
Mason, R. (2012). Designing introductory programming courses: the role of cognitive load (Tese de doutorado). Southern Cross University, Lismore, AU. [GS Search]
McDonald, R. P. (1999). Test Theory: A Unified Treatment. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. [GS Search]
McKinsey & Company. (2024). What are Industry 4.0, the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and 4IR? Disponível em: [link].
Morrison, G. R., Ross, S. M., Morrison, J. R., & Kalman, H. K. (2019). Designing Effective Instruction (8ª ed.). Wiley.
Moskal, B. M., & Leydens, J. A. (2000). Scoring rubric development: Validity and reliability. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 7(10). Disponível em: [link] . [GS Search]
Ng, A. K., Atmosukarto, I., Lee Teo, J. K., & Amran, A. B. (2023). Instilling computational thinking in undergraduate students across multiple disciplines through an adaptive gamified e-learning platform. Em Anais da 2023 IEEE International Conference on Teaching, Assessment and Learning for Engineering (TALE) (pp. 1-7). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/TALE56641.2023.10398325 [GS Search]
O'Reilly, C., Devitt, A., & Hayes, N. (2022). Critical thinking in the preschool classroom: A systematic literature review. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 46, 101110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2022.101110[GS Search]
OECD. (2024). Hague, C. Fostering Higher-Order Thinking Skills Online in Higher Education: A Scoping Review (OECD Education Working Papers, No. 306). OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/abcd1234-en [GS Search]
OECD. (2023). Bouckaert, M. The Assessment of Students’ Creative and Critical Thinking Skills in Higher Education across OECD Countries: A Review of Policies and Related Practices (OECD Education Working Papers, No. 293). OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/ae3013d9-en [GS Search]
Partnership for 21st Century Learning. (2019). P21 Framework Definitions. Disponível em: [link].
Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2019). The Miniature Guide to Critical Thinking Concepts and Tools. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. Disponível em: [link]. [GS Search]
Payan-Carreira, R., Cruz, G., Papathanasiou, I. V., Fradelos, E., & Jiang, L. (2019). The effectiveness of critical thinking instructional strategies in health professions education: a systematic review. Studies in Higher Education, 44(5), 829–843. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1586330[GS Search]
Pedrosa-de-Jesus, H., & Guerra, C. (2018). Teachers’ written formative feedback on students’ critical thinking: A case study. Journal of Education, 9(1), 23–35. [GS Search]
Petersen, K., Vakkalanka, S., & Kuzniarz, L. (2015). Guidelines for conducting systematic mapping studies in software engineering: An update. Information and Software Technology, 64, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2015.03.007 [GS Search]
Petersen, K., Feldt, R., Mujtaba, S., & Mattsson, M. (2008). Systematic mapping studies in software engineering. Em Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering (pp. 1-10). https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/2227115.2227123 [GS Search]
Piasecki, J., Waligora, M., & Dranseika, V. (2018). Google search as an additional source in systematic reviews. Science and Engineering Ethics, 24(2), 809-810..https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-017-9911-0 [GS Search]
Pintrich, P. R., & De Groot, E. V. (1991). Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) [Database record]. APA PsycTests. https://doi.org/10.1037/t09161-000
Puig, B., Blanco-Anaya, P., Bargiela, I. M., & Crujeiras-Pérez, B. (2019). A systematic review on critical thinking intervention studies in higher education across professional fields. Studies in Higher Education, 44(5), 860–869. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1586333 [GS Search]
Rao, T. S. S., & Bhagat, K. K. (2024). Computational thinking for the digital age: a systematic review of tools, pedagogical strategies, and assessment practices. Educational Technology Research and Development, 72, 1893–1924. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-024-10364-y[GS Search]
Rauber, M. F., & von Wangenheim, C. G. (2023). Assessing the Learning of Machine Learning in K-12: A Ten-Year Systematic Mapping. Informatics in Education, 22(2).https://doi.org/10.15388/infedu.2023.10 [GS Search]
Ren, X., & Jia, Y. (2023). A situação atual, eficácia e fatores de influência do ensino do pensamento crítico em faculdades e universidades na China: uma meta-análise baseada em 20 anos de pesquisa sobre o ensino do pensamento crítico em faculdades e universidades de todo o país. Pesquisa em Ensino Superior na China, 10, 64–76.
República da Turquia. (2019). Turkey's Education Vision 2023. Disponível em: [link].
Rivas, S. F., Franco, A., Vieira, R. M., Almeida, L. S., & Saiz, C. (2023). Assessing higher education students' critical thinking with the PENCRISAL test - Portuguese short version: A psychometric study. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1196794. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1196794 [GS Search]
Shavelson, R. J., Zlatkin-Troitschanskaia, O., Beck, K., Schmidt, S., & Marino, J. P. (2019). Assessment of university students’ critical thinking: Next-generation performance assessment. International Journal of Testing, 19(4), 337-362. https://doi.org/10.1080/15305058.2018.1543309 [GS Search]
Snedecor, G. W., Cochran, W. G., & Cox, G. M. (1989). Statistical Methods (8ª ed.). Iowa State University Press.
Soland, J., Hamilton, L. S., & Stecher, B. M. (2013). Measuring 21st Century Competencies: Guidance for Educators. RAND Corporation. Disponível em: [link].
Song, D., Hong, H., & Oh, E. Y. (2021). Applying computational analysis of novice learners' computer programming patterns to reveal self-regulated learning, computational thinking, and learning performance. Computers in Human Behavior, 120, 106746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.106746[GS Search]
Tang, X., Yin, Y., Lin, Q., Hadad, R., & Zhai, X. (2020). Assessing computational thinking: A systematic review of empirical studies. Computers & Education, 148, 103798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103798 [GS Search]
Taylor, S. N. (2014). Student Self-Assessment and Multisource Feedback Assessment: Exploring Benefits, Limitations, and Remedies. Journal of Management Education, 38(3), 359-383. https://doi.org/10.1177/1052562913504104[GS Search]
Toker, S., & Baturay, M. H. (2022). Developing disposition to critical thinking and problem-solving perception in instructional design projects for producing digital materials. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 32(3), 1267-1292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-020-09646-2[GS Search]
UNICEF. (2023a). National AI Strategies and Children. Disponível em: [link].
UNICEF. (2023b). Artificial Intelligence Chatbots. Disponível em: [link].
Varela, C., Rebollar, C., Garcia, O., Bravo, E., & Bilbao, J. (2024). Skills in computational thinking of engineering students of the first school year. arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.04340. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2402.04340 [GS Search]
Vincent-Lancrin, S., et al. (2019). Fostering Students' Creativity and Critical Thinking: What It Means in School. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/62212c37-en [GS Search]
Vuorikari, R., Kluzer, S., & Punie, Y. (2022). DigComp 2.2: The Digital Competence Framework for Citizens - With New Examples of Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2760/490274. [GS Search]
Walden, J., Doyle, M., Garns, R., & Hart, Z. (2013). An informatics perspective on computational thinking. Em Anais da 18th ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education (ITiCSE '13) (pp. 4-9). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/2462476.2483797 [GS Search]
Wen, M. N. Y., & Aziz, A. A. (2022). The use of Quizizz as an online teaching and learning assessment tool in an ESL classroom: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 11(1), 167-179. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v11-i1/11445 [GS Search]
Yeh, Y. C. (2003). Critical Thinking Test-Level I (CTT-I). Taipei: Psychological Publishing.
Zuriguel Pérez, E., Lluch Canut, M. T., Falcó Pegueroles, A., Puig Llobet, M., Moreno Arroyo, C., & Roldan Merino, J. F. (2015). Critical thinking in nursing: Scoping review of the literature. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 21(6), 820-830. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijn.12347[GS Search]
Arquivos adicionais
Published
Como Citar
Issue
Section
Licença
Copyright (c) 2025 Deise Arndt, Ramon Mayor Martins, Jean Carlo Rossa Hauck
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
